import re

VIN_RE = re.compile(r"^[A-HJ-NPR-Z0-9]{17}$")


def normalize_vin(value: str | None) -> str | None:
    if not value:
        return None
    normalized = re.sub(r"[\s-]+", "", value).upper()
    return normalized or None


def validate_vin(value: str | None) -> str | None:
    normalized = normalize_vin(value)
    if normalized is None:
        return None
    if not VIN_RE.match(normalized):
        raise ValueError("VIN must contain 17 characters and cannot include I, O, or Q")
    return normalized


def normalize_license_plate(value: str | None) -> str | None:
    if not value:
        return None
    normalized = re.sub(r"[\s\-_.]+", "", value).upper()
    return normalized or None


def mask_vin(value: str | None) -> str | None:
    normalized = normalize_vin(value)
    if not normalized:
        return None
    if len(normalized) <= 6:
        return "*" * len(normalized)
    return f"{normalized[:3]}{'*' * 10}{normalized[-4:]}"


def mask_license_plate(value: str | None) -> str | None:
    normalized = normalize_license_plate(value)
    if not normalized:
        return None
    if len(normalized) <= 3:
        return "*" * len(normalized)
    return f"{normalized[:2]}{'*' * max(len(normalized) - 4, 2)}{normalized[-2:]}"