init commit

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/adapter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+class WKTAdapter:
+    """
+    An adaptor for Geometries sent to the MySQL and Oracle database backends.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, geom):
+        self.wkt = geom.wkt
+        self.srid = geom.srid
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, WKTAdapter)
+            and self.wkt == other.wkt
+            and self.srid == other.srid
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash((self.wkt, self.srid))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.wkt
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _fix_polygon(cls, poly):
+        # Hook for Oracle.
+        return poly

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import re
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
+
+
+class BaseSpatialFeatures:
+    gis_enabled = True
+
+    # Does the database contain a SpatialRefSys model to store SRID information?
+    has_spatialrefsys_table = True
+
+    # Does the backend support the django.contrib.gis.utils.add_srs_entry() utility?
+    supports_add_srs_entry = True
+    # Does the backend introspect GeometryField to its subtypes?
+    supports_geometry_field_introspection = True
+
+    # Does the database have a geography type?
+    supports_geography = False
+    # Does the backend support storing 3D geometries?
+    supports_3d_storage = False
+    # Reference implementation of 3D functions is:
+    # https://postgis.net/docs/PostGIS_Special_Functions_Index.html#PostGIS_3D_Functions
+    supports_3d_functions = False
+    # Does the database support SRID transform operations?
+    supports_transform = True
+    # Can geometry fields be null?
+    supports_null_geometries = True
+    # Are empty geometries supported?
+    supports_empty_geometries = False
+    # Can the function be applied on geodetic coordinate systems?
+    supports_distance_geodetic = True
+    supports_length_geodetic = True
+    supports_perimeter_geodetic = False
+    supports_area_geodetic = True
+    # Is the database able to count vertices on polygons (with `num_points`)?
+    supports_num_points_poly = True
+
+    # Does the backend support expressions for specifying distance in the
+    # dwithin lookup?
+    supports_dwithin_distance_expr = True
+
+    # Does the database have raster support?
+    supports_raster = False
+
+    # Does the database support a unique index on geometry fields?
+    supports_geometry_field_unique_index = True
+
+    # Can SchemaEditor alter geometry fields?
+    can_alter_geometry_field = True
+
+    # Do the database functions/aggregates support the tolerance parameter?
+    supports_tolerance_parameter = False
+
+    # Set of options that AsGeoJSON() doesn't support.
+    unsupported_geojson_options = {}
+
+    # Does Intersection() return None (rather than an empty GeometryCollection)
+    # for empty results?
+    empty_intersection_returns_none = True
+
+    @property
+    def supports_bbcontains_lookup(self):
+        return "bbcontains" in self.connection.ops.gis_operators
+
+    @property
+    def supports_contained_lookup(self):
+        return "contained" in self.connection.ops.gis_operators
+
+    @property
+    def supports_crosses_lookup(self):
+        return "crosses" in self.connection.ops.gis_operators
+
+    @property
+    def supports_distances_lookups(self):
+        return self.has_Distance_function
+
+    @property
+    def supports_dwithin_lookup(self):
+        return "dwithin" in self.connection.ops.gis_operators
+
+    @property
+    def supports_relate_lookup(self):
+        return "relate" in self.connection.ops.gis_operators
+
+    @property
+    def supports_isvalid_lookup(self):
+        return self.has_IsValid_function
+
+    # Is the aggregate supported by the database?
+    @property
+    def supports_collect_aggr(self):
+        return models.Collect not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+
+    @property
+    def supports_extent_aggr(self):
+        return models.Extent not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+
+    @property
+    def supports_make_line_aggr(self):
+        return models.MakeLine not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+
+    @property
+    def supports_union_aggr(self):
+        return models.Union not in self.connection.ops.disallowed_aggregates
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        m = re.match(r"has_(\w*)_function$", name)
+        if m:
+            func_name = m[1]
+            return func_name not in self.connection.ops.unsupported_functions
+        raise AttributeError

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+from django.contrib.gis import gdal
+
+
+class SpatialRefSysMixin:
+    """
+    The SpatialRefSysMixin is a class used by the database-dependent
+    SpatialRefSys objects to reduce redundant code.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def srs(self):
+        """
+        Return a GDAL SpatialReference object.
+        """
+        # TODO: Is caching really necessary here?  Is complexity worth it?
+        if hasattr(self, "_srs"):
+            # Returning a clone of the cached SpatialReference object.
+            return self._srs.clone()
+        else:
+            # Attempting to cache a SpatialReference object.
+
+            # Trying to get from WKT first.
+            try:
+                self._srs = gdal.SpatialReference(self.wkt)
+                return self.srs
+            except Exception as e:
+                msg = e
+
+            try:
+                self._srs = gdal.SpatialReference(self.proj4text)
+                return self.srs
+            except Exception as e:
+                msg = e
+
+            raise Exception(
+                "Could not get OSR SpatialReference from WKT: %s\nError:\n%s"
+                % (self.wkt, msg)
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def ellipsoid(self):
+        """
+        Return a tuple of the ellipsoid parameters:
+        (semimajor axis, semiminor axis, and inverse flattening).
+        """
+        return self.srs.ellipsoid
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        "Return the projection name."
+        return self.srs.name
+
+    @property
+    def spheroid(self):
+        "Return the spheroid name for this spatial reference."
+        return self.srs["spheroid"]
+
+    @property
+    def datum(self):
+        "Return the datum for this spatial reference."
+        return self.srs["datum"]
+
+    @property
+    def projected(self):
+        "Is this Spatial Reference projected?"
+        return self.srs.projected
+
+    @property
+    def local(self):
+        "Is this Spatial Reference local?"
+        return self.srs.local
+
+    @property
+    def geographic(self):
+        "Is this Spatial Reference geographic?"
+        return self.srs.geographic
+
+    @property
+    def linear_name(self):
+        "Return the linear units name."
+        return self.srs.linear_name
+
+    @property
+    def linear_units(self):
+        "Return the linear units."
+        return self.srs.linear_units
+
+    @property
+    def angular_name(self):
+        "Return the name of the angular units."
+        return self.srs.angular_name
+
+    @property
+    def angular_units(self):
+        "Return the angular units."
+        return self.srs.angular_units
+
+    @property
+    def units(self):
+        "Return a tuple of the units and the name."
+        if self.projected or self.local:
+            return (self.linear_units, self.linear_name)
+        elif self.geographic:
+            return (self.angular_units, self.angular_name)
+        else:
+            return (None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_units(cls, wkt):
+        """
+        Return a tuple of (unit_value, unit_name) for the given WKT without
+        using any of the database fields.
+        """
+        return gdal.SpatialReference(wkt).units
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_spheroid(cls, wkt, string=True):
+        """
+        Class method used by GeometryField on initialization to
+        retrieve the `SPHEROID[..]` parameters from the given WKT.
+        """
+        srs = gdal.SpatialReference(wkt)
+        sphere_params = srs.ellipsoid
+        sphere_name = srs["spheroid"]
+
+        if not string:
+            return sphere_name, sphere_params
+        else:
+            # `string` parameter used to place in format acceptable by PostGIS
+            if len(sphere_params) == 3:
+                radius, flattening = sphere_params[0], sphere_params[2]
+            else:
+                radius, flattening = sphere_params
+            return 'SPHEROID["%s",%s,%s]' % (sphere_name, radius, flattening)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """
+        Return the string representation, a 'pretty' OGC WKT.
+        """
+        return str(self.srs)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/operations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions import Distance
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Area as AreaMeasure
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance as DistanceMeasure
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+
+class BaseSpatialOperations:
+    # Quick booleans for the type of this spatial backend, and
+    # an attribute for the spatial database version tuple (if applicable)
+    postgis = False
+    spatialite = False
+    mariadb = False
+    mysql = False
+    oracle = False
+    spatial_version = None
+
+    # How the geometry column should be selected.
+    select = "%s"
+
+    @cached_property
+    def select_extent(self):
+        return self.select
+
+    # Aggregates
+    disallowed_aggregates = ()
+
+    geom_func_prefix = ""
+
+    # Mapping between Django function names and backend names, when names do not
+    # match; used in spatial_function_name().
+    function_names = {}
+
+    # Set of known unsupported functions of the backend
+    unsupported_functions = {
+        "Area",
+        "AsGeoJSON",
+        "AsGML",
+        "AsKML",
+        "AsSVG",
+        "Azimuth",
+        "BoundingCircle",
+        "Centroid",
+        "ClosestPoint",
+        "Difference",
+        "Distance",
+        "Envelope",
+        "FromWKB",
+        "FromWKT",
+        "GeoHash",
+        "GeometryDistance",
+        "Intersection",
+        "IsEmpty",
+        "IsValid",
+        "Length",
+        "LineLocatePoint",
+        "MakeValid",
+        "MemSize",
+        "NumGeometries",
+        "NumPoints",
+        "Perimeter",
+        "PointOnSurface",
+        "Reverse",
+        "Scale",
+        "SnapToGrid",
+        "SymDifference",
+        "Transform",
+        "Translate",
+        "Union",
+    }
+
+    # Constructors
+    from_text = False
+
+    # Default conversion functions for aggregates; will be overridden if implemented
+    # for the spatial backend.
+    def convert_extent(self, box, srid):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Aggregate extent not implemented for this spatial backend."
+        )
+
+    def convert_extent3d(self, box, srid):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Aggregate 3D extent not implemented for this spatial backend."
+        )
+
+    # For quoting column values, rather than columns.
+    def geo_quote_name(self, name):
+        return "'%s'" % name
+
+    # GeometryField operations
+    def geo_db_type(self, f):
+        """
+        Return the database column type for the geometry field on
+        the spatial backend.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "subclasses of BaseSpatialOperations must provide a geo_db_type() method"
+        )
+
+    def get_distance(self, f, value, lookup_type):
+        """
+        Return the distance parameters for the given geometry field,
+        lookup value, and lookup type.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Distance operations not available on this spatial backend."
+        )
+
+    def get_geom_placeholder(self, f, value, compiler):
+        """
+        Return the placeholder for the given geometry field with the given
+        value.  Depending on the spatial backend, the placeholder may contain a
+        stored procedure call to the transformation function of the spatial
+        backend.
+        """
+
+        def transform_value(value, field):
+            return value is not None and value.srid != field.srid
+
+        if hasattr(value, "as_sql"):
+            return (
+                "%s(%%s, %s)" % (self.spatial_function_name("Transform"), f.srid)
+                if transform_value(value.output_field, f)
+                else "%s"
+            )
+        if transform_value(value, f):
+            # Add Transform() to the SQL placeholder.
+            return "%s(%s(%%s,%s), %s)" % (
+                self.spatial_function_name("Transform"),
+                self.from_text,
+                value.srid,
+                f.srid,
+            )
+        elif self.connection.features.has_spatialrefsys_table:
+            return "%s(%%s,%s)" % (self.from_text, f.srid)
+        else:
+            # For backwards compatibility on MySQL (#27464).
+            return "%s(%%s)" % self.from_text
+
+    def check_expression_support(self, expression):
+        if isinstance(expression, self.disallowed_aggregates):
+            raise NotSupportedError(
+                "%s spatial aggregation is not supported by this database backend."
+                % expression.name
+            )
+        super().check_expression_support(expression)
+
+    def spatial_aggregate_name(self, agg_name):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Aggregate support not implemented for this spatial backend."
+        )
+
+    def spatial_function_name(self, func_name):
+        if func_name in self.unsupported_functions:
+            raise NotSupportedError(
+                "This backend doesn't support the %s function." % func_name
+            )
+        return self.function_names.get(func_name, self.geom_func_prefix + func_name)
+
+    # Routines for getting the OGC-compliant models.
+    def geometry_columns(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Subclasses of BaseSpatialOperations must provide a geometry_columns() "
+            "method."
+        )
+
+    def spatial_ref_sys(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "subclasses of BaseSpatialOperations must a provide spatial_ref_sys() "
+            "method"
+        )
+
+    distance_expr_for_lookup = staticmethod(Distance)
+
+    def get_db_converters(self, expression):
+        converters = super().get_db_converters(expression)
+        if isinstance(expression.output_field, GeometryField):
+            converters.append(self.get_geometry_converter(expression))
+        return converters
+
+    def get_geometry_converter(self, expression):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "Subclasses of BaseSpatialOperations must provide a "
+            "get_geometry_converter() method."
+        )
+
+    def get_area_att_for_field(self, field):
+        if field.geodetic(self.connection):
+            if self.connection.features.supports_area_geodetic:
+                return "sq_m"
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+                "Area on geodetic coordinate systems not supported."
+            )
+        else:
+            units_name = field.units_name(self.connection)
+            if units_name:
+                return AreaMeasure.unit_attname(units_name)
+
+    def get_distance_att_for_field(self, field):
+        dist_att = None
+        if field.geodetic(self.connection):
+            if self.connection.features.supports_distance_geodetic:
+                dist_att = "m"
+        else:
+            units = field.units_name(self.connection)
+            if units:
+                dist_att = DistanceMeasure.unit_attname(units)
+        return dist_att

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from django.db.backends.mysql.base import DatabaseWrapper as MySQLDatabaseWrapper
+
+from .features import DatabaseFeatures
+from .introspection import MySQLIntrospection
+from .operations import MySQLOperations
+from .schema import MySQLGISSchemaEditor
+
+
+class DatabaseWrapper(MySQLDatabaseWrapper):
+    SchemaEditorClass = MySQLGISSchemaEditor
+    # Classes instantiated in __init__().
+    features_class = DatabaseFeatures
+    introspection_class = MySQLIntrospection
+    ops_class = MySQLOperations

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/features.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
+from django.db.backends.mysql.features import DatabaseFeatures as MySQLDatabaseFeatures
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+
+class DatabaseFeatures(BaseSpatialFeatures, MySQLDatabaseFeatures):
+    empty_intersection_returns_none = False
+    has_spatialrefsys_table = False
+    supports_add_srs_entry = False
+    supports_distance_geodetic = False
+    supports_length_geodetic = False
+    supports_area_geodetic = False
+    supports_transform = False
+    supports_null_geometries = False
+    supports_num_points_poly = False
+    unsupported_geojson_options = {"crs"}
+
+    @cached_property
+    def supports_geometry_field_unique_index(self):
+        # Not supported in MySQL since https://dev.mysql.com/worklog/task/?id=11808
+        return self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/introspection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from MySQLdb.constants import FIELD_TYPE
+
+from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
+from django.db.backends.mysql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
+
+
+class MySQLIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
+    # Updating the data_types_reverse dictionary with the appropriate
+    # type for Geometry fields.
+    data_types_reverse = DatabaseIntrospection.data_types_reverse.copy()
+    data_types_reverse[FIELD_TYPE.GEOMETRY] = "GeometryField"
+
+    def get_geometry_type(self, table_name, description):
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            # In order to get the specific geometry type of the field,
+            # we introspect on the table definition using `DESCRIBE`.
+            cursor.execute("DESCRIBE %s" % self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name))
+            # Increment over description info until we get to the geometry
+            # column.
+            for column, typ, null, key, default, extra in cursor.fetchall():
+                if column == description.name:
+                    # Using OGRGeomType to convert from OGC name to Django field.
+                    # MySQL does not support 3D or SRIDs, so the field params
+                    # are empty.
+                    field_type = OGRGeomType(typ).django
+                    field_params = {}
+                    break
+        return field_type, field_params
+
+    def supports_spatial_index(self, cursor, table_name):
+        # Supported with MyISAM, Aria, or InnoDB.
+        storage_engine = self.get_storage_engine(cursor, table_name)
+        return storage_engine in ("MyISAM", "Aria", "InnoDB")

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/operations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.adapter import WKTAdapter
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import BaseSpatialOperations
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometryBase
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
+from django.db.backends.mysql.operations import DatabaseOperations
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+
+class MySQLOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
+    name = "mysql"
+    geom_func_prefix = "ST_"
+
+    Adapter = WKTAdapter
+
+    @cached_property
+    def mariadb(self):
+        return self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb
+
+    @cached_property
+    def mysql(self):
+        return not self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb
+
+    @cached_property
+    def select(self):
+        return self.geom_func_prefix + "AsBinary(%s)"
+
+    @cached_property
+    def from_text(self):
+        return self.geom_func_prefix + "GeomFromText"
+
+    @cached_property
+    def collect(self):
+        if self.connection.features.supports_collect_aggr:
+            return self.geom_func_prefix + "Collect"
+
+    @cached_property
+    def gis_operators(self):
+        operators = {
+            "bbcontains": SpatialOperator(
+                func="MBRContains"
+            ),  # For consistency w/PostGIS API
+            "bboverlaps": SpatialOperator(func="MBROverlaps"),  # ...
+            "contained": SpatialOperator(func="MBRWithin"),  # ...
+            "contains": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Contains"),
+            "crosses": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Crosses"),
+            "disjoint": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Disjoint"),
+            "equals": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Equals"),
+            "exact": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Equals"),
+            "intersects": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Intersects"),
+            "overlaps": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Overlaps"),
+            "same_as": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Equals"),
+            "touches": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Touches"),
+            "within": SpatialOperator(func="ST_Within"),
+        }
+        if self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb:
+            operators["relate"] = SpatialOperator(func="ST_Relate")
+        else:
+            operators["covers"] = SpatialOperator(func="MBRCovers")
+            operators["coveredby"] = SpatialOperator(func="MBRCoveredBy")
+        return operators
+
+    @cached_property
+    def disallowed_aggregates(self):
+        disallowed_aggregates = [
+            models.Extent,
+            models.Extent3D,
+            models.MakeLine,
+            models.Union,
+        ]
+        is_mariadb = self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb
+        if is_mariadb or self.connection.mysql_version < (8, 0, 24):
+            disallowed_aggregates.insert(0, models.Collect)
+        return tuple(disallowed_aggregates)
+
+    function_names = {
+        "FromWKB": "ST_GeomFromWKB",
+        "FromWKT": "ST_GeomFromText",
+    }
+
+    @cached_property
+    def unsupported_functions(self):
+        unsupported = {
+            "AsGML",
+            "AsKML",
+            "AsSVG",
+            "Azimuth",
+            "BoundingCircle",
+            "ClosestPoint",
+            "ForcePolygonCW",
+            "GeometryDistance",
+            "IsEmpty",
+            "LineLocatePoint",
+            "MakeValid",
+            "MemSize",
+            "Perimeter",
+            "PointOnSurface",
+            "Reverse",
+            "Scale",
+            "SnapToGrid",
+            "Transform",
+            "Translate",
+        }
+        if self.connection.mysql_is_mariadb:
+            unsupported.remove("PointOnSurface")
+            unsupported.update({"GeoHash", "IsValid"})
+        return unsupported
+
+    def geo_db_type(self, f):
+        return f.geom_type
+
+    def get_distance(self, f, value, lookup_type):
+        value = value[0]
+        if isinstance(value, Distance):
+            if f.geodetic(self.connection):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Only numeric values of degree units are allowed on "
+                    "geodetic distance queries."
+                )
+            dist_param = getattr(
+                value, Distance.unit_attname(f.units_name(self.connection))
+            )
+        else:
+            dist_param = value
+        return [dist_param]
+
+    def get_geometry_converter(self, expression):
+        read = wkb_r().read
+        srid = expression.output_field.srid
+        if srid == -1:
+            srid = None
+        geom_class = expression.output_field.geom_class
+
+        def converter(value, expression, connection):
+            if value is not None:
+                geom = GEOSGeometryBase(read(memoryview(value)), geom_class)
+                if srid:
+                    geom.srid = srid
+                return geom
+
+        return converter
+
+    def spatial_aggregate_name(self, agg_name):
+        return getattr(self, agg_name.lower())

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import logging
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+from django.db import OperationalError
+from django.db.backends.mysql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("django.contrib.gis")
+
+
+class MySQLGISSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
+    sql_add_spatial_index = "CREATE SPATIAL INDEX %(index)s ON %(table)s(%(column)s)"
+
+    def skip_default(self, field):
+        # Geometry fields are stored as BLOB/TEXT, for which MySQL < 8.0.13
+        # doesn't support defaults.
+        if (
+            isinstance(field, GeometryField)
+            and not self._supports_limited_data_type_defaults
+        ):
+            return True
+        return super().skip_default(field)
+
+    def quote_value(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, self.connection.ops.Adapter):
+            return super().quote_value(str(value))
+        return super().quote_value(value)
+
+    def _field_indexes_sql(self, model, field):
+        if isinstance(field, GeometryField) and field.spatial_index and not field.null:
+            with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+                supports_spatial_index = (
+                    self.connection.introspection.supports_spatial_index(
+                        cursor, model._meta.db_table
+                    )
+                )
+            sql = self._create_spatial_index_sql(model, field)
+            if supports_spatial_index:
+                return [sql]
+            else:
+                logger.error(
+                    f"Cannot create SPATIAL INDEX {sql}. Only MyISAM, Aria, and InnoDB "
+                    f"support them.",
+                )
+                return []
+        return super()._field_indexes_sql(model, field)
+
+    def remove_field(self, model, field):
+        if isinstance(field, GeometryField) and field.spatial_index and not field.null:
+            sql = self._delete_spatial_index_sql(model, field)
+            try:
+                self.execute(sql)
+            except OperationalError:
+                logger.error(
+                    "Couldn't remove spatial index: %s (may be expected "
+                    "if your storage engine doesn't support them).",
+                    sql,
+                )
+
+        super().remove_field(model, field)
+
+    def _alter_field(
+        self,
+        model,
+        old_field,
+        new_field,
+        old_type,
+        new_type,
+        old_db_params,
+        new_db_params,
+        strict=False,
+    ):
+        super()._alter_field(
+            model,
+            old_field,
+            new_field,
+            old_type,
+            new_type,
+            old_db_params,
+            new_db_params,
+            strict=strict,
+        )
+
+        old_field_spatial_index = (
+            isinstance(old_field, GeometryField)
+            and old_field.spatial_index
+            and not old_field.null
+        )
+        new_field_spatial_index = (
+            isinstance(new_field, GeometryField)
+            and new_field.spatial_index
+            and not new_field.null
+        )
+        if not old_field_spatial_index and new_field_spatial_index:
+            self.execute(self._create_spatial_index_sql(model, new_field))
+        elif old_field_spatial_index and not new_field_spatial_index:
+            self.execute(self._delete_spatial_index_sql(model, old_field))
+
+    def _create_spatial_index_name(self, model, field):
+        return "%s_%s_id" % (model._meta.db_table, field.column)
+
+    def _create_spatial_index_sql(self, model, field):
+        index_name = self._create_spatial_index_name(model, field)
+        qn = self.connection.ops.quote_name
+        return self.sql_add_spatial_index % {
+            "index": qn(index_name),
+            "table": qn(model._meta.db_table),
+            "column": qn(field.column),
+        }
+
+    def _delete_spatial_index_sql(self, model, field):
+        index_name = self._create_spatial_index_name(model, field)
+        return self._delete_index_sql(model, index_name)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/adapter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.adapter import WKTAdapter
+from django.contrib.gis.geos import GeometryCollection, Polygon
+from django.db.backends.oracle.oracledb_any import oracledb
+
+
+class OracleSpatialAdapter(WKTAdapter):
+    input_size = oracledb.CLOB
+
+    def __init__(self, geom):
+        """
+        Oracle requires that polygon rings are in proper orientation. This
+        affects spatial operations and an invalid orientation may cause
+        failures. Correct orientations are:
+         * Outer ring - counter clockwise
+         * Inner ring(s) - clockwise
+        """
+        if isinstance(geom, Polygon):
+            if self._polygon_must_be_fixed(geom):
+                geom = self._fix_polygon(geom)
+        elif isinstance(geom, GeometryCollection):
+            if any(
+                isinstance(g, Polygon) and self._polygon_must_be_fixed(g) for g in geom
+            ):
+                geom = self._fix_geometry_collection(geom)
+
+        self.wkt = geom.wkt
+        self.srid = geom.srid
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _polygon_must_be_fixed(poly):
+        return not poly.empty and (
+            not poly.exterior_ring.is_counterclockwise
+            or any(x.is_counterclockwise for x in poly)
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _fix_polygon(cls, poly, clone=True):
+        """Fix single polygon orientation as described in __init__()."""
+        if clone:
+            poly = poly.clone()
+
+        if not poly.exterior_ring.is_counterclockwise:
+            poly.exterior_ring = list(reversed(poly.exterior_ring))
+
+        for i in range(1, len(poly)):
+            if poly[i].is_counterclockwise:
+                poly[i] = list(reversed(poly[i]))
+
+        return poly
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _fix_geometry_collection(cls, coll):
+        """
+        Fix polygon orientations in geometry collections as described in
+        __init__().
+        """
+        coll = coll.clone()
+        for i, geom in enumerate(coll):
+            if isinstance(geom, Polygon):
+                coll[i] = cls._fix_polygon(geom, clone=False)
+        return coll

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from django.db.backends.oracle.base import DatabaseWrapper as OracleDatabaseWrapper
+
+from .features import DatabaseFeatures
+from .introspection import OracleIntrospection
+from .operations import OracleOperations
+from .schema import OracleGISSchemaEditor
+
+
+class DatabaseWrapper(OracleDatabaseWrapper):
+    SchemaEditorClass = OracleGISSchemaEditor
+    # Classes instantiated in __init__().
+    features_class = DatabaseFeatures
+    introspection_class = OracleIntrospection
+    ops_class = OracleOperations

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/features.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
+from django.db.backends.oracle.features import (
+    DatabaseFeatures as OracleDatabaseFeatures,
+)
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+
+class DatabaseFeatures(BaseSpatialFeatures, OracleDatabaseFeatures):
+    supports_add_srs_entry = False
+    supports_geometry_field_introspection = False
+    supports_geometry_field_unique_index = False
+    supports_perimeter_geodetic = True
+    supports_dwithin_distance_expr = False
+    supports_tolerance_parameter = True
+    unsupported_geojson_options = {"bbox", "crs", "precision"}
+
+    @cached_property
+    def django_test_skips(self):
+        skips = super().django_test_skips
+        skips.update(
+            {
+                "Oracle doesn't support spatial operators in constraints.": {
+                    "gis_tests.gis_migrations.test_operations.OperationTests."
+                    "test_add_check_constraint",
+                },
+            }
+        )
+        return skips

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/introspection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from django.db.backends.oracle.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
+from django.db.backends.oracle.oracledb_any import oracledb
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+
+class OracleIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
+    # Associating any OBJECTVAR instances with GeometryField. This won't work
+    # right on Oracle objects that aren't MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY, but it is the
+    # only object type supported within Django anyways.
+    @cached_property
+    def data_types_reverse(self):
+        return {
+            **super().data_types_reverse,
+            oracledb.DB_TYPE_OBJECT: "GeometryField",
+        }
+
+    def get_geometry_type(self, table_name, description):
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            # Querying USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA to get the SRID and dimension information.
+            try:
+                cursor.execute(
+                    'SELECT "DIMINFO", "SRID" FROM "USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA" '
+                    'WHERE "TABLE_NAME"=%s AND "COLUMN_NAME"=%s',
+                    (table_name.upper(), description.name.upper()),
+                )
+                row = cursor.fetchone()
+            except Exception as exc:
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Could not find entry in USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA "
+                    'corresponding to "%s"."%s"' % (table_name, description.name)
+                ) from exc
+
+            # TODO: Research way to find a more specific geometry field type for
+            # the column's contents.
+            field_type = "GeometryField"
+
+            # Getting the field parameters.
+            field_params = {}
+            dim, srid = row
+            if srid != 4326:
+                field_params["srid"] = srid
+            # Size of object array (SDO_DIM_ARRAY) is number of dimensions.
+            dim = dim.size()
+            if dim != 2:
+                field_params["dim"] = dim
+        return field_type, field_params

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""
+The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the Oracle spatial
+backend.
+
+It should be noted that Oracle Spatial does not have database tables
+named according to the OGC standard, so the closest analogs are used.
+For example, the `USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA` is used for the GeometryColumns
+model and the `SDO_COORD_REF_SYS` is used for the SpatialRefSys model.
+"""
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
+
+
+class OracleGeometryColumns(models.Model):
+    "Maps to the Oracle USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA table."
+
+    table_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
+    column_name = models.CharField(max_length=1024)
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    # TODO: Add support for `diminfo` column (type MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ARRAY).
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA"
+        managed = False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s - %s (SRID: %s)" % (self.table_name, self.column_name, self.srid)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def table_name_col(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature table
+        name.
+        """
+        return "table_name"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def geom_col_name(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature
+        geometry column.
+        """
+        return "column_name"
+
+
+class OracleSpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
+    "Maps to the Oracle MDSYS.CS_SRS table."
+
+    cs_name = models.CharField(max_length=68)
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    auth_srid = models.IntegerField()
+    auth_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    wktext = models.CharField(max_length=2046)
+    # Optional geometry representing the bounds of this coordinate
+    # system.  By default, all are NULL in the table.
+    cs_bounds = models.PolygonField(null=True)
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "CS_SRS"
+        managed = False
+
+    @property
+    def wkt(self):
+        return self.wktext

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+"""
+This module contains the spatial lookup types, and the `get_geo_where_clause`
+routine for Oracle Spatial.
+
+Please note that WKT support is broken on the XE version, and thus
+this backend will not work on such platforms.  Specifically, XE lacks
+support for an internal JVM, and Java libraries are required to use
+the WKT constructors.
+"""
+
+import re
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import BaseSpatialOperations
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle.adapter import OracleSpatialAdapter
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, GEOSGeometryBase
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
+from django.db.backends.oracle.operations import DatabaseOperations
+
+DEFAULT_TOLERANCE = "0.05"
+
+
+class SDOOperator(SpatialOperator):
+    sql_template = "%(func)s(%(lhs)s, %(rhs)s) = 'TRUE'"
+
+
+class SDODWithin(SpatialOperator):
+    sql_template = "SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE(%(lhs)s, %(rhs)s, %%s) = 'TRUE'"
+
+
+class SDODisjoint(SpatialOperator):
+    sql_template = (
+        "SDO_GEOM.RELATE(%%(lhs)s, 'DISJOINT', %%(rhs)s, %s) = 'DISJOINT'"
+        % DEFAULT_TOLERANCE
+    )
+
+
+class SDORelate(SpatialOperator):
+    sql_template = "SDO_RELATE(%(lhs)s, %(rhs)s, 'mask=%(mask)s') = 'TRUE'"
+
+    def check_relate_argument(self, arg):
+        masks = (
+            "TOUCH|OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT|OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT|EQUAL|INSIDE|COVEREDBY|"
+            "CONTAINS|COVERS|ANYINTERACT|ON"
+        )
+        mask_regex = re.compile(r"^(%s)(\+(%s))*$" % (masks, masks), re.I)
+        if not isinstance(arg, str) or not mask_regex.match(arg):
+            raise ValueError('Invalid SDO_RELATE mask: "%s"' % arg)
+
+    def as_sql(self, connection, lookup, template_params, sql_params):
+        template_params["mask"] = sql_params[-1]
+        return super().as_sql(connection, lookup, template_params, sql_params[:-1])
+
+
+class OracleOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
+    name = "oracle"
+    oracle = True
+    disallowed_aggregates = (models.Collect, models.Extent3D, models.MakeLine)
+
+    Adapter = OracleSpatialAdapter
+
+    extent = "SDO_AGGR_MBR"
+    unionagg = "SDO_AGGR_UNION"
+
+    from_text = "SDO_GEOMETRY"
+
+    function_names = {
+        "Area": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_AREA",
+        "AsGeoJSON": "SDO_UTIL.TO_GEOJSON",
+        "AsWKB": "SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY",
+        "AsWKT": "SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY",
+        "BoundingCircle": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBC",
+        "Centroid": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_CENTROID",
+        "Difference": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE",
+        "Distance": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE",
+        "Envelope": "SDO_GEOM_MBR",
+        "FromWKB": "SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKBGEOMETRY",
+        "FromWKT": "SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKTGEOMETRY",
+        "Intersection": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION",
+        "IsValid": "SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT",
+        "Length": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_LENGTH",
+        "NumGeometries": "SDO_UTIL.GETNUMELEM",
+        "NumPoints": "SDO_UTIL.GETNUMVERTICES",
+        "Perimeter": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_LENGTH",
+        "PointOnSurface": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE",
+        "Reverse": "SDO_UTIL.REVERSE_LINESTRING",
+        "SymDifference": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR",
+        "Transform": "SDO_CS.TRANSFORM",
+        "Union": "SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION",
+    }
+
+    # We want to get SDO Geometries as WKT because it is much easier to
+    # instantiate GEOS proxies from WKT than SDO_GEOMETRY(...) strings.
+    # However, this adversely affects performance (i.e., Java is called
+    # to convert to WKT on every query).  If someone wishes to write a
+    # SDO_GEOMETRY(...) parser in Python, let me know =)
+    select = "SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY(%s)"
+
+    gis_operators = {
+        "contains": SDOOperator(func="SDO_CONTAINS"),
+        "coveredby": SDOOperator(func="SDO_COVEREDBY"),
+        "covers": SDOOperator(func="SDO_COVERS"),
+        "disjoint": SDODisjoint(),
+        "intersects": SDOOperator(
+            func="SDO_OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT"
+        ),  # TODO: Is this really the same as ST_Intersects()?
+        "equals": SDOOperator(func="SDO_EQUAL"),
+        "exact": SDOOperator(func="SDO_EQUAL"),
+        "overlaps": SDOOperator(func="SDO_OVERLAPS"),
+        "same_as": SDOOperator(func="SDO_EQUAL"),
+        # Oracle uses a different syntax, e.g., 'mask=inside+touch'
+        "relate": SDORelate(),
+        "touches": SDOOperator(func="SDO_TOUCH"),
+        "within": SDOOperator(func="SDO_INSIDE"),
+        "dwithin": SDODWithin(),
+    }
+
+    unsupported_functions = {
+        "AsKML",
+        "AsSVG",
+        "Azimuth",
+        "ClosestPoint",
+        "ForcePolygonCW",
+        "GeoHash",
+        "GeometryDistance",
+        "IsEmpty",
+        "LineLocatePoint",
+        "MakeValid",
+        "MemSize",
+        "Scale",
+        "SnapToGrid",
+        "Translate",
+    }
+
+    def geo_quote_name(self, name):
+        return super().geo_quote_name(name).upper()
+
+    def convert_extent(self, clob):
+        if clob:
+            # Generally, Oracle returns a polygon for the extent -- however,
+            # it can return a single point if there's only one Point in the
+            # table.
+            ext_geom = GEOSGeometry(memoryview(clob.read()))
+            gtype = str(ext_geom.geom_type)
+            if gtype == "Polygon":
+                # Construct the 4-tuple from the coordinates in the polygon.
+                shell = ext_geom.shell
+                ll, ur = shell[0][:2], shell[2][:2]
+            elif gtype == "Point":
+                ll = ext_geom.coords[:2]
+                ur = ll
+            else:
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Unexpected geometry type returned for extent: %s" % gtype
+                )
+            xmin, ymin = ll
+            xmax, ymax = ur
+            return (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def geo_db_type(self, f):
+        """
+        Return the geometry database type for Oracle. Unlike other spatial
+        backends, no stored procedure is necessary and it's the same for all
+        geometry types.
+        """
+        return "MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY"
+
+    def get_distance(self, f, value, lookup_type):
+        """
+        Return the distance parameters given the value and the lookup type.
+        On Oracle, geometry columns with a geodetic coordinate system behave
+        implicitly like a geography column, and thus meters will be used as
+        the distance parameter on them.
+        """
+        if not value:
+            return []
+        value = value[0]
+        if isinstance(value, Distance):
+            if f.geodetic(self.connection):
+                dist_param = value.m
+            else:
+                dist_param = getattr(
+                    value, Distance.unit_attname(f.units_name(self.connection))
+                )
+        else:
+            dist_param = value
+
+        # dwithin lookups on Oracle require a special string parameter
+        # that starts with "distance=".
+        if lookup_type == "dwithin":
+            dist_param = "distance=%s" % dist_param
+
+        return [dist_param]
+
+    def get_geom_placeholder(self, f, value, compiler):
+        if value is None:
+            return "NULL"
+        return super().get_geom_placeholder(f, value, compiler)
+
+    def spatial_aggregate_name(self, agg_name):
+        """
+        Return the spatial aggregate SQL name.
+        """
+        agg_name = "unionagg" if agg_name.lower() == "union" else agg_name.lower()
+        return getattr(self, agg_name)
+
+    # Routines for getting the OGC-compliant models.
+    def geometry_columns(self):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle.models import OracleGeometryColumns
+
+        return OracleGeometryColumns
+
+    def spatial_ref_sys(self):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle.models import OracleSpatialRefSys
+
+        return OracleSpatialRefSys
+
+    def modify_insert_params(self, placeholder, params):
+        """Drop out insert parameters for NULL placeholder. Needed for Oracle Spatial
+        backend due to #10888.
+        """
+        if placeholder == "NULL":
+            return []
+        return super().modify_insert_params(placeholder, params)
+
+    def get_geometry_converter(self, expression):
+        read = wkb_r().read
+        srid = expression.output_field.srid
+        if srid == -1:
+            srid = None
+        geom_class = expression.output_field.geom_class
+
+        def converter(value, expression, connection):
+            if value is not None:
+                geom = GEOSGeometryBase(read(memoryview(value.read())), geom_class)
+                if srid:
+                    geom.srid = srid
+                return geom
+
+        return converter
+
+    def get_area_att_for_field(self, field):
+        return "sq_m"

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+from django.db.backends.oracle.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.backends.utils import strip_quotes, truncate_name
+
+
+class OracleGISSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
+    sql_add_geometry_metadata = """
+        INSERT INTO USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA
+            ("TABLE_NAME", "COLUMN_NAME", "DIMINFO", "SRID")
+        VALUES (
+            %(table)s,
+            %(column)s,
+            MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ARRAY(
+                MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('LONG', %(dim0)s, %(dim2)s, %(tolerance)s),
+                MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('LAT', %(dim1)s, %(dim3)s, %(tolerance)s)
+            ),
+            %(srid)s
+        )"""
+    sql_add_spatial_index = (
+        "CREATE INDEX %(index)s ON %(table)s(%(column)s) "
+        "INDEXTYPE IS MDSYS.SPATIAL_INDEX"
+    )
+    sql_clear_geometry_table_metadata = (
+        "DELETE FROM USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA WHERE TABLE_NAME = %(table)s"
+    )
+    sql_clear_geometry_field_metadata = (
+        "DELETE FROM USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA WHERE TABLE_NAME = %(table)s "
+        "AND COLUMN_NAME = %(column)s"
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.geometry_sql = []
+
+    def geo_quote_name(self, name):
+        return self.connection.ops.geo_quote_name(name)
+
+    def quote_value(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, self.connection.ops.Adapter):
+            return super().quote_value(str(value))
+        return super().quote_value(value)
+
+    def _field_indexes_sql(self, model, field):
+        if isinstance(field, GeometryField) and field.spatial_index:
+            return [self._create_spatial_index_sql(model, field)]
+        return super()._field_indexes_sql(model, field)
+
+    def column_sql(self, model, field, include_default=False):
+        column_sql = super().column_sql(model, field, include_default)
+        if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+            self.geometry_sql.append(
+                self.sql_add_geometry_metadata
+                % {
+                    "table": self.geo_quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+                    "column": self.geo_quote_name(field.column),
+                    "dim0": field._extent[0],
+                    "dim1": field._extent[1],
+                    "dim2": field._extent[2],
+                    "dim3": field._extent[3],
+                    "tolerance": field._tolerance,
+                    "srid": field.srid,
+                }
+            )
+        return column_sql
+
+    def create_model(self, model):
+        super().create_model(model)
+        self.run_geometry_sql()
+
+    def delete_model(self, model):
+        super().delete_model(model)
+        self.execute(
+            self.sql_clear_geometry_table_metadata
+            % {
+                "table": self.geo_quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+            }
+        )
+
+    def add_field(self, model, field):
+        super().add_field(model, field)
+        self.run_geometry_sql()
+
+    def remove_field(self, model, field):
+        if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+            self.execute(
+                self.sql_clear_geometry_field_metadata
+                % {
+                    "table": self.geo_quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+                    "column": self.geo_quote_name(field.column),
+                }
+            )
+            if field.spatial_index:
+                self.execute(self._delete_spatial_index_sql(model, field))
+        super().remove_field(model, field)
+
+    def run_geometry_sql(self):
+        for sql in self.geometry_sql:
+            self.execute(sql)
+        self.geometry_sql = []
+
+    def _alter_field(
+        self,
+        model,
+        old_field,
+        new_field,
+        old_type,
+        new_type,
+        old_db_params,
+        new_db_params,
+        strict=False,
+    ):
+        super()._alter_field(
+            model,
+            old_field,
+            new_field,
+            old_type,
+            new_type,
+            old_db_params,
+            new_db_params,
+            strict=strict,
+        )
+
+        old_field_spatial_index = (
+            isinstance(old_field, GeometryField) and old_field.spatial_index
+        )
+        new_field_spatial_index = (
+            isinstance(new_field, GeometryField) and new_field.spatial_index
+        )
+        if not old_field_spatial_index and new_field_spatial_index:
+            self.execute(self._create_spatial_index_sql(model, new_field))
+        elif old_field_spatial_index and not new_field_spatial_index:
+            self.execute(self._delete_spatial_index_sql(model, old_field))
+
+    def _create_spatial_index_name(self, model, field):
+        # Oracle doesn't allow object names > 30 characters. Use this scheme
+        # instead of self._create_index_name() for backwards compatibility.
+        return truncate_name(
+            "%s_%s_id" % (strip_quotes(model._meta.db_table), field.column), 30
+        )
+
+    def _create_spatial_index_sql(self, model, field):
+        index_name = self._create_spatial_index_name(model, field)
+        return self.sql_add_spatial_index % {
+            "index": self.quote_name(index_name),
+            "table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+            "column": self.quote_name(field.column),
+        }
+
+    def _delete_spatial_index_sql(self, model, field):
+        index_name = self._create_spatial_index_name(model, field)
+        return self._delete_index_sql(model, index_name)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""
+This object provides quoting for GEOS geometries into PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
+"""
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis.pgraster import to_pgraster
+from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any import sql
+
+
+class PostGISAdapter:
+    def __init__(self, obj, geography=False):
+        """
+        Initialize on the spatial object.
+        """
+        self.is_geometry = isinstance(obj, (GEOSGeometry, PostGISAdapter))
+
+        # Getting the WKB (in string form, to allow easy pickling of
+        # the adaptor) and the SRID from the geometry or raster.
+        if self.is_geometry:
+            self.ewkb = bytes(obj.ewkb)
+        else:
+            self.ewkb = to_pgraster(obj)
+
+        self.srid = obj.srid
+        self.geography = geography
+
+    def __conform__(self, proto):
+        """Does the given protocol conform to what Psycopg2 expects?"""
+        from psycopg2.extensions import ISQLQuote
+
+        if proto == ISQLQuote:
+            return self
+        else:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Error implementing psycopg2 protocol. Is psycopg2 installed?"
+            )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, PostGISAdapter) and self.ewkb == other.ewkb
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.ewkb)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.getquoted().decode()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _fix_polygon(cls, poly):
+        return poly
+
+    def getquoted(self):
+        """
+        Return a properly quoted string for use in PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
+        """
+        if self.is_geometry:
+            # Psycopg will figure out whether to use E'\\000' or '\000'.
+            return b"%s(%s)" % (
+                b"ST_GeogFromWKB" if self.geography else b"ST_GeomFromEWKB",
+                sql.quote(self.ewkb).encode(),
+            )
+        else:
+            # For rasters, add explicit type cast to WKB string.
+            return b"'%s'::raster" % self.ewkb.hex().encode()

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from django.db.backends.base.base import NO_DB_ALIAS
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.base import DatabaseWrapper as PsycopgDatabaseWrapper
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.features import (
+    DatabaseFeatures as PsycopgDatabaseFeatures,
+)
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.introspection import (
+    DatabaseIntrospection as PsycopgDatabaseIntrospection,
+)
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import (
+    DatabaseOperations as PsycopgDatabaseOperations,
+)
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any import is_psycopg3
+
+from .adapter import PostGISAdapter
+from .features import DatabaseFeatures
+from .introspection import PostGISIntrospection
+from .operations import PostGISOperations
+from .schema import PostGISSchemaEditor
+
+if is_psycopg3:
+    from psycopg.adapt import Dumper
+    from psycopg.pq import Format
+    from psycopg.types import TypeInfo
+    from psycopg.types.string import TextBinaryLoader, TextLoader
+
+    class GeometryType:
+        pass
+
+    class GeographyType:
+        pass
+
+    class RasterType:
+        pass
+
+    class BaseTextDumper(Dumper):
+        def dump(self, obj):
+            # Return bytes as hex for text formatting
+            return obj.ewkb.hex().encode()
+
+    class BaseBinaryDumper(Dumper):
+        format = Format.BINARY
+
+        def dump(self, obj):
+            return obj.ewkb
+
+    @lru_cache
+    def postgis_adapters(geo_oid, geog_oid, raster_oid):
+        class BaseDumper(Dumper):
+            def __init_subclass__(cls, base_dumper):
+                super().__init_subclass__()
+
+                cls.GeometryDumper = type(
+                    "GeometryDumper", (base_dumper,), {"oid": geo_oid}
+                )
+                cls.GeographyDumper = type(
+                    "GeographyDumper", (base_dumper,), {"oid": geog_oid}
+                )
+                cls.RasterDumper = type(
+                    "RasterDumper", (BaseTextDumper,), {"oid": raster_oid}
+                )
+
+            def get_key(self, obj, format):
+                if obj.is_geometry:
+                    return GeographyType if obj.geography else GeometryType
+                else:
+                    return RasterType
+
+            def upgrade(self, obj, format):
+                if obj.is_geometry:
+                    if obj.geography:
+                        return self.GeographyDumper(GeographyType)
+                    else:
+                        return self.GeometryDumper(GeometryType)
+                else:
+                    return self.RasterDumper(RasterType)
+
+            def dump(self, obj):
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+        class PostGISTextDumper(BaseDumper, base_dumper=BaseTextDumper):
+            pass
+
+        class PostGISBinaryDumper(BaseDumper, base_dumper=BaseBinaryDumper):
+            format = Format.BINARY
+
+        return PostGISTextDumper, PostGISBinaryDumper
+
+
+class DatabaseWrapper(PsycopgDatabaseWrapper):
+    SchemaEditorClass = PostGISSchemaEditor
+    features_class = DatabaseFeatures
+    ops_class = PostGISOperations
+    introspection_class = PostGISIntrospection
+
+    _type_infos = {
+        "geometry": {},
+        "geography": {},
+        "raster": {},
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if kwargs.get("alias", "") == NO_DB_ALIAS:
+            # Don't initialize PostGIS-specific stuff for non-db connections.
+            self.features_class = PsycopgDatabaseFeatures
+            self.ops_class = PsycopgDatabaseOperations
+            self.introspection_class = PsycopgDatabaseIntrospection
+
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def prepare_database(self):
+        super().prepare_database()
+        # Check that postgis extension is installed.
+        with self.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute("SELECT 1 FROM pg_extension WHERE extname = %s", ["postgis"])
+            if bool(cursor.fetchone()):
+                return
+            cursor.execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis")
+            if is_psycopg3:
+                # Ensure adapters are registers if PostGIS is used within this
+                # connection.
+                self.register_geometry_adapters(self.connection, True)
+
+    def get_new_connection(self, conn_params):
+        connection = super().get_new_connection(conn_params)
+        if is_psycopg3:
+            self.register_geometry_adapters(connection)
+        return connection
+
+    if is_psycopg3:
+
+        def _register_type(self, pg_connection, typename):
+            registry = self._type_infos[typename]
+            try:
+                info = registry[self.alias]
+            except KeyError:
+                info = TypeInfo.fetch(pg_connection, typename)
+                registry[self.alias] = info
+
+            if info:  # Can be None if the type does not exist (yet).
+                info.register(pg_connection)
+                pg_connection.adapters.register_loader(info.oid, TextLoader)
+                pg_connection.adapters.register_loader(info.oid, TextBinaryLoader)
+
+            return info.oid if info else None
+
+        def register_geometry_adapters(self, pg_connection, clear_caches=False):
+            if clear_caches:
+                for typename in self._type_infos:
+                    self._type_infos[typename].pop(self.alias, None)
+
+            geo_oid = self._register_type(pg_connection, "geometry")
+            geog_oid = self._register_type(pg_connection, "geography")
+            raster_oid = self._register_type(pg_connection, "raster")
+
+            PostGISTextDumper, PostGISBinaryDumper = postgis_adapters(
+                geo_oid, geog_oid, raster_oid
+            )
+            pg_connection.adapters.register_dumper(PostGISAdapter, PostGISTextDumper)
+            pg_connection.adapters.register_dumper(PostGISAdapter, PostGISBinaryDumper)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/const.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""
+PostGIS to GDAL conversion constant definitions
+"""
+
+# Lookup to convert pixel type values from GDAL to PostGIS
+GDAL_TO_POSTGIS = [None, 4, 6, 5, 8, 7, 10, 11, None, None, None, None]
+
+# Lookup to convert pixel type values from PostGIS to GDAL
+POSTGIS_TO_GDAL = [1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, None, 6, 7, None, None]
+
+# Struct pack structure for raster header, the raster header has the
+# following structure:
+#
+# Endianness, PostGIS raster version, number of bands, scale, origin,
+# skew, srid, width, and height.
+#
+# Scale, origin, and skew have x and y values. PostGIS currently uses
+# a fixed endianness (1) and there is only one version (0).
+POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE = "B H H d d d d d d i H H"
+
+# Lookup values to convert GDAL pixel types to struct characters. This is
+# used to pack and unpack the pixel values of PostGIS raster bands.
+GDAL_TO_STRUCT = [
+    None,
+    "B",
+    "H",
+    "h",
+    "L",
+    "l",
+    "f",
+    "d",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+]
+
+# Size of the packed value in bytes for different numerical types.
+# This is needed to cut chunks of band data out of PostGIS raster strings
+# when decomposing them into GDALRasters.
+# See https://docs.python.org/library/struct.html#format-characters
+STRUCT_SIZE = {
+    "b": 1,  # Signed char
+    "B": 1,  # Unsigned char
+    "?": 1,  # _Bool
+    "h": 2,  # Short
+    "H": 2,  # Unsigned short
+    "i": 4,  # Integer
+    "I": 4,  # Unsigned Integer
+    "l": 4,  # Long
+    "L": 4,  # Unsigned Long
+    "f": 4,  # Float
+    "d": 8,  # Double
+}
+
+# Pixel type specifies type of pixel values in a band. Storage flag specifies
+# whether the band data is stored as part of the datum or is to be found on the
+# server's filesystem. There are currently 11 supported pixel value types, so 4
+# bits are enough to account for all. Reserve the upper 4 bits for generic
+# flags. See
+# https://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/WKTRaster/RFC/RFC1_V0SerialFormat#Pixeltypeandstorageflag
+BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK = 0x0F
+BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA = 1 << 6

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.features import (
+    DatabaseFeatures as PsycopgDatabaseFeatures,
+)
+
+
+class DatabaseFeatures(BaseSpatialFeatures, PsycopgDatabaseFeatures):
+    supports_geography = True
+    supports_3d_storage = True
+    supports_3d_functions = True
+    supports_raster = True
+    supports_empty_geometries = True
+    empty_intersection_returns_none = False

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/introspection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
+
+
+class PostGISIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
+    postgis_oid_lookup = {}  # Populated when introspection is performed.
+
+    ignored_tables = DatabaseIntrospection.ignored_tables + [
+        "geography_columns",
+        "geometry_columns",
+        "raster_columns",
+        "spatial_ref_sys",
+        "raster_overviews",
+    ]
+
+    def get_field_type(self, data_type, description):
+        if not self.postgis_oid_lookup:
+            # Query PostgreSQL's pg_type table to determine the OID integers
+            # for the PostGIS data types used in reverse lookup (the integers
+            # may be different across versions). To prevent unnecessary
+            # requests upon connection initialization, the `data_types_reverse`
+            # dictionary isn't updated until introspection is performed here.
+            with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+                cursor.execute(
+                    "SELECT oid, typname "
+                    "FROM pg_type "
+                    "WHERE typname IN ('geometry', 'geography')"
+                )
+                self.postgis_oid_lookup = dict(cursor.fetchall())
+            self.data_types_reverse.update(
+                (oid, "GeometryField") for oid in self.postgis_oid_lookup
+            )
+        return super().get_field_type(data_type, description)
+
+    def get_geometry_type(self, table_name, description):
+        """
+        The geometry type OID used by PostGIS does not indicate the particular
+        type of field that a geometry column is (e.g., whether it's a
+        PointField or a PolygonField).  Thus, this routine queries the PostGIS
+        metadata tables to determine the geometry type.
+        """
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT t.coord_dimension, t.srid, t.type FROM (
+                    SELECT * FROM geometry_columns
+                    UNION ALL
+                    SELECT * FROM geography_columns
+                ) AS t WHERE t.f_table_name = %s AND t.f_geometry_column = %s
+            """,
+                (table_name, description.name),
+            )
+            row = cursor.fetchone()
+            if not row:
+                raise Exception(
+                    'Could not find a geometry or geography column for "%s"."%s"'
+                    % (table_name, description.name)
+                )
+            dim, srid, field_type = row
+            # OGRGeomType does not require GDAL and makes it easy to convert
+            # from OGC geom type name to Django field.
+            field_type = OGRGeomType(field_type).django
+            # Getting any GeometryField keyword arguments that are not the default.
+            field_params = {}
+            if self.postgis_oid_lookup.get(description.type_code) == "geography":
+                field_params["geography"] = True
+            if srid != 4326:
+                field_params["srid"] = srid
+            if dim != 2:
+                field_params["dim"] = dim
+        return field_type, field_params

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""
+The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the PostGIS backend.
+"""
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class PostGISGeometryColumns(models.Model):
+    """
+    The 'geometry_columns' view from PostGIS. See the PostGIS
+    documentation at Ch. 4.3.2.
+    """
+
+    f_table_catalog = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    f_table_schema = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    f_table_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    f_geometry_column = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    coord_dimension = models.IntegerField()
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    type = models.CharField(max_length=30)
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "geometry_columns"
+        managed = False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s.%s - %dD %s field (SRID: %d)" % (
+            self.f_table_name,
+            self.f_geometry_column,
+            self.coord_dimension,
+            self.type,
+            self.srid,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def table_name_col(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature table
+        name.
+        """
+        return "f_table_name"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def geom_col_name(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature
+        geometry column.
+        """
+        return "f_geometry_column"
+
+
+class PostGISSpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
+    """
+    The 'spatial_ref_sys' table from PostGIS. See the PostGIS
+    documentation at Ch. 4.2.1.
+    """
+
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    auth_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    auth_srid = models.IntegerField()
+    srtext = models.CharField(max_length=2048)
+    proj4text = models.CharField(max_length=2048)
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "spatial_ref_sys"
+        managed = False
+
+    @property
+    def wkt(self):
+        return self.srtext

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+import re
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import BaseSpatialOperations
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField, RasterField
+from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDALRaster
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometryBase
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db import NotSupportedError, ProgrammingError
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import DatabaseOperations
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any import is_psycopg3
+from django.db.models import Func, Value
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+from django.utils.version import get_version_tuple
+
+from .adapter import PostGISAdapter
+from .models import PostGISGeometryColumns, PostGISSpatialRefSys
+from .pgraster import from_pgraster
+
+# Identifier to mark raster lookups as bilateral.
+BILATERAL = "bilateral"
+
+
+class PostGISOperator(SpatialOperator):
+    def __init__(self, geography=False, raster=False, **kwargs):
+        # Only a subset of the operators and functions are available for the
+        # geography type. Lookups that don't support geography will be cast to
+        # geometry.
+        self.geography = geography
+        # Only a subset of the operators and functions are available for the
+        # raster type. Lookups that don't support raster will be converted to
+        # polygons. If the raster argument is set to BILATERAL, then the
+        # operator cannot handle mixed geom-raster lookups.
+        self.raster = raster
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def as_sql(self, connection, lookup, template_params, *args):
+        template_params = self.check_raster(lookup, template_params)
+        template_params = self.check_geography(lookup, template_params)
+        return super().as_sql(connection, lookup, template_params, *args)
+
+    def check_raster(self, lookup, template_params):
+        spheroid = lookup.rhs_params and lookup.rhs_params[-1] == "spheroid"
+
+        # Check which input is a raster.
+        lhs_is_raster = lookup.lhs.field.geom_type == "RASTER"
+        rhs_is_raster = isinstance(lookup.rhs, GDALRaster)
+
+        # Look for band indices and inject them if provided.
+        if lookup.band_lhs is not None and lhs_is_raster:
+            if not self.func:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Band indices are not allowed for this operator, it works on bbox "
+                    "only."
+                )
+            template_params["lhs"] = "%s, %s" % (
+                template_params["lhs"],
+                lookup.band_lhs,
+            )
+
+        if lookup.band_rhs is not None and rhs_is_raster:
+            if not self.func:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Band indices are not allowed for this operator, it works on bbox "
+                    "only."
+                )
+            template_params["rhs"] = "%s, %s" % (
+                template_params["rhs"],
+                lookup.band_rhs,
+            )
+
+        # Convert rasters to polygons if necessary.
+        if not self.raster or spheroid:
+            # Operators without raster support.
+            if lhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["lhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["lhs"]
+            if rhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["rhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["rhs"]
+        elif self.raster == BILATERAL:
+            # Operators with raster support but don't support mixed (rast-geom)
+            # lookups.
+            if lhs_is_raster and not rhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["lhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["lhs"]
+            elif rhs_is_raster and not lhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["rhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["rhs"]
+
+        return template_params
+
+    def check_geography(self, lookup, template_params):
+        """Convert geography fields to geometry types, if necessary."""
+        if lookup.lhs.output_field.geography and not self.geography:
+            template_params["lhs"] += "::geometry"
+        return template_params
+
+
+class ST_Polygon(Func):
+    function = "ST_Polygon"
+
+    def __init__(self, expr):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        expr = self.source_expressions[0]
+        if isinstance(expr, Value) and not expr._output_field_or_none:
+            self.source_expressions[0] = Value(
+                expr.value, output_field=RasterField(srid=expr.value.srid)
+            )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def output_field(self):
+        return GeometryField(srid=self.source_expressions[0].field.srid)
+
+
+class PostGISOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
+    name = "postgis"
+    postgis = True
+    geom_func_prefix = "ST_"
+
+    Adapter = PostGISAdapter
+
+    collect = geom_func_prefix + "Collect"
+    extent = geom_func_prefix + "Extent"
+    extent3d = geom_func_prefix + "3DExtent"
+    length3d = geom_func_prefix + "3DLength"
+    makeline = geom_func_prefix + "MakeLine"
+    perimeter3d = geom_func_prefix + "3DPerimeter"
+    unionagg = geom_func_prefix + "Union"
+
+    gis_operators = {
+        "bbcontains": PostGISOperator(op="~", raster=True),
+        "bboverlaps": PostGISOperator(op="&&", geography=True, raster=True),
+        "contained": PostGISOperator(op="@", raster=True),
+        "overlaps_left": PostGISOperator(op="&<", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "overlaps_right": PostGISOperator(op="&>", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "overlaps_below": PostGISOperator(op="&<|"),
+        "overlaps_above": PostGISOperator(op="|&>"),
+        "left": PostGISOperator(op="<<"),
+        "right": PostGISOperator(op=">>"),
+        "strictly_below": PostGISOperator(op="<<|"),
+        "strictly_above": PostGISOperator(op="|>>"),
+        "same_as": PostGISOperator(op="~=", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "exact": PostGISOperator(op="~=", raster=BILATERAL),  # alias of same_as
+        "contains": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Contains", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "contains_properly": PostGISOperator(
+            func="ST_ContainsProperly", raster=BILATERAL
+        ),
+        "coveredby": PostGISOperator(
+            func="ST_CoveredBy", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL
+        ),
+        "covers": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Covers", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL),
+        "crosses": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Crosses"),
+        "disjoint": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Disjoint", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "equals": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Equals"),
+        "intersects": PostGISOperator(
+            func="ST_Intersects", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL
+        ),
+        "overlaps": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Overlaps", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "relate": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Relate"),
+        "touches": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Touches", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "within": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Within", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "dwithin": PostGISOperator(func="ST_DWithin", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL),
+    }
+
+    unsupported_functions = set()
+
+    select = "%s" if is_psycopg3 else "%s::bytea"
+
+    select_extent = None
+
+    @cached_property
+    def function_names(self):
+        function_names = {
+            "AsWKB": "ST_AsBinary",
+            "AsWKT": "ST_AsText",
+            "BoundingCircle": "ST_MinimumBoundingCircle",
+            "FromWKB": "ST_GeomFromWKB",
+            "FromWKT": "ST_GeomFromText",
+            "NumPoints": "ST_NPoints",
+        }
+        return function_names
+
+    @cached_property
+    def spatial_version(self):
+        """Determine the version of the PostGIS library."""
+        # Trying to get the PostGIS version because the function
+        # signatures will depend on the version used.  The cost
+        # here is a database query to determine the version, which
+        # can be mitigated by setting `POSTGIS_VERSION` with a 3-tuple
+        # comprising user-supplied values for the major, minor, and
+        # subminor revision of PostGIS.
+        if hasattr(settings, "POSTGIS_VERSION"):
+            version = settings.POSTGIS_VERSION
+        else:
+            # Run a basic query to check the status of the connection so we're
+            # sure we only raise the error below if the problem comes from
+            # PostGIS and not from PostgreSQL itself (see #24862).
+            self._get_postgis_func("version")
+
+            try:
+                vtup = self.postgis_version_tuple()
+            except ProgrammingError:
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    'Cannot determine PostGIS version for database "%s" '
+                    'using command "SELECT postgis_lib_version()". '
+                    "GeoDjango requires at least PostGIS version 3.1. "
+                    "Was the database created from a spatial database "
+                    "template?" % self.connection.settings_dict["NAME"]
+                )
+            version = vtup[1:]
+        return version
+
+    def convert_extent(self, box):
+        """
+        Return a 4-tuple extent for the `Extent` aggregate by converting
+        the bounding box text returned by PostGIS (`box` argument), for
+        example: "BOX(-90.0 30.0, -85.0 40.0)".
+        """
+        if box is None:
+            return None
+        ll, ur = box[4:-1].split(",")
+        xmin, ymin = map(float, ll.split())
+        xmax, ymax = map(float, ur.split())
+        return (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
+
+    def convert_extent3d(self, box3d):
+        """
+        Return a 6-tuple extent for the `Extent3D` aggregate by converting
+        the 3d bounding-box text returned by PostGIS (`box3d` argument), for
+        example: "BOX3D(-90.0 30.0 1, -85.0 40.0 2)".
+        """
+        if box3d is None:
+            return None
+        ll, ur = box3d[6:-1].split(",")
+        xmin, ymin, zmin = map(float, ll.split())
+        xmax, ymax, zmax = map(float, ur.split())
+        return (xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax)
+
+    def geo_db_type(self, f):
+        """
+        Return the database field type for the given spatial field.
+        """
+        if f.geom_type == "RASTER":
+            return "raster"
+
+        # Type-based geometries.
+        # TODO: Support 'M' extension.
+        if f.dim == 3:
+            geom_type = f.geom_type + "Z"
+        else:
+            geom_type = f.geom_type
+        if f.geography:
+            if f.srid != 4326:
+                raise NotSupportedError(
+                    "PostGIS only supports geography columns with an SRID of 4326."
+                )
+
+            return "geography(%s,%d)" % (geom_type, f.srid)
+        else:
+            return "geometry(%s,%d)" % (geom_type, f.srid)
+
+    def get_distance(self, f, dist_val, lookup_type):
+        """
+        Retrieve the distance parameters for the given geometry field,
+        distance lookup value, and the distance lookup type.
+
+        This is the most complex implementation of the spatial backends due to
+        what is supported on geodetic geometry columns vs. what's available on
+        projected geometry columns.  In addition, it has to take into account
+        the geography column type.
+        """
+        # Getting the distance parameter
+        value = dist_val[0]
+
+        # Shorthand boolean flags.
+        geodetic = f.geodetic(self.connection)
+        geography = f.geography
+
+        if isinstance(value, Distance):
+            if geography:
+                dist_param = value.m
+            elif geodetic:
+                if lookup_type == "dwithin":
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Only numeric values of degree units are "
+                        "allowed on geographic DWithin queries."
+                    )
+                dist_param = value.m
+            else:
+                dist_param = getattr(
+                    value, Distance.unit_attname(f.units_name(self.connection))
+                )
+        else:
+            # Assuming the distance is in the units of the field.
+            dist_param = value
+
+        return [dist_param]
+
+    def get_geom_placeholder(self, f, value, compiler):
+        """
+        Provide a proper substitution value for Geometries or rasters that are
+        not in the SRID of the field. Specifically, this routine will
+        substitute in the ST_Transform() function call.
+        """
+        transform_func = self.spatial_function_name("Transform")
+        if hasattr(value, "as_sql"):
+            if value.field.srid == f.srid:
+                placeholder = "%s"
+            else:
+                placeholder = "%s(%%s, %s)" % (transform_func, f.srid)
+            return placeholder
+
+        # Get the srid for this object
+        if value is None:
+            value_srid = None
+        else:
+            value_srid = value.srid
+
+        # Adding Transform() to the SQL placeholder if the value srid
+        # is not equal to the field srid.
+        if value_srid is None or value_srid == f.srid:
+            placeholder = "%s"
+        else:
+            placeholder = "%s(%%s, %s)" % (transform_func, f.srid)
+
+        return placeholder
+
+    def _get_postgis_func(self, func):
+        """
+        Helper routine for calling PostGIS functions and returning their result.
+        """
+        # Close out the connection.  See #9437.
+        with self.connection.temporary_connection() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute("SELECT %s()" % func)
+            return cursor.fetchone()[0]
+
+    def postgis_geos_version(self):
+        "Return the version of the GEOS library used with PostGIS."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_geos_version")
+
+    def postgis_lib_version(self):
+        "Return the version number of the PostGIS library used with PostgreSQL."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_lib_version")
+
+    def postgis_proj_version(self):
+        """Return the version of the PROJ library used with PostGIS."""
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_proj_version")
+
+    def postgis_version(self):
+        "Return PostGIS version number and compile-time options."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_version")
+
+    def postgis_full_version(self):
+        "Return PostGIS version number and compile-time options."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_full_version")
+
+    def postgis_version_tuple(self):
+        """
+        Return the PostGIS version as a tuple (version string, major,
+        minor, subminor).
+        """
+        version = self.postgis_lib_version()
+        return (version,) + get_version_tuple(version)
+
+    def proj_version_tuple(self):
+        """
+        Return the version of PROJ used by PostGIS as a tuple of the
+        major, minor, and subminor release numbers.
+        """
+        proj_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)")
+        proj_ver_str = self.postgis_proj_version()
+        m = proj_regex.search(proj_ver_str)
+        if m:
+            return tuple(map(int, m.groups()))
+        else:
+            raise Exception("Could not determine PROJ version from PostGIS.")
+
+    def spatial_aggregate_name(self, agg_name):
+        if agg_name == "Extent3D":
+            return self.extent3d
+        else:
+            return self.geom_func_prefix + agg_name
+
+    # Routines for getting the OGC-compliant models.
+    def geometry_columns(self):
+        return PostGISGeometryColumns
+
+    def spatial_ref_sys(self):
+        return PostGISSpatialRefSys
+
+    def parse_raster(self, value):
+        """Convert a PostGIS HEX String into a dict readable by GDALRaster."""
+        return from_pgraster(value)
+
+    def distance_expr_for_lookup(self, lhs, rhs, **kwargs):
+        return super().distance_expr_for_lookup(
+            self._normalize_distance_lookup_arg(lhs),
+            self._normalize_distance_lookup_arg(rhs),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalize_distance_lookup_arg(arg):
+        is_raster = (
+            arg.field.geom_type == "RASTER"
+            if hasattr(arg, "field")
+            else isinstance(arg, GDALRaster)
+        )
+        return ST_Polygon(arg) if is_raster else arg
+
+    def get_geometry_converter(self, expression):
+        read = wkb_r().read
+        geom_class = expression.output_field.geom_class
+
+        def converter(value, expression, connection):
+            if isinstance(value, str):  # Coming from hex strings.
+                value = value.encode("ascii")
+            return None if value is None else GEOSGeometryBase(read(value), geom_class)
+
+        return converter
+
+    def get_area_att_for_field(self, field):
+        return "sq_m"

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/pgraster.py

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import struct
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
+
+from .const import (
+    BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA,
+    BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK,
+    GDAL_TO_POSTGIS,
+    GDAL_TO_STRUCT,
+    POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE,
+    POSTGIS_TO_GDAL,
+    STRUCT_SIZE,
+)
+
+
+def pack(structure, data):
+    """
+    Pack data into hex string with little endian format.
+    """
+    return struct.pack("<" + structure, *data)
+
+
+def unpack(structure, data):
+    """
+    Unpack little endian hexlified binary string into a list.
+    """
+    return struct.unpack("<" + structure, bytes.fromhex(data))
+
+
+def chunk(data, index):
+    """
+    Split a string into two parts at the input index.
+    """
+    return data[:index], data[index:]
+
+
+def from_pgraster(data):
+    """
+    Convert a PostGIS HEX String into a dictionary.
+    """
+    if data is None:
+        return
+
+    # Split raster header from data
+    header, data = chunk(data, 122)
+    header = unpack(POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE, header)
+
+    # Parse band data
+    bands = []
+    pixeltypes = []
+    while data:
+        # Get pixel type for this band
+        pixeltype_with_flags, data = chunk(data, 2)
+        pixeltype_with_flags = unpack("B", pixeltype_with_flags)[0]
+        pixeltype = pixeltype_with_flags & BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK
+
+        # Convert datatype from PostGIS to GDAL & get pack type and size
+        pixeltype = POSTGIS_TO_GDAL[pixeltype]
+        pack_type = GDAL_TO_STRUCT[pixeltype]
+        pack_size = 2 * STRUCT_SIZE[pack_type]
+
+        # Parse band nodata value. The nodata value is part of the
+        # PGRaster string even if the nodata flag is True, so it always
+        # has to be chunked off the data string.
+        nodata, data = chunk(data, pack_size)
+        nodata = unpack(pack_type, nodata)[0]
+
+        # Chunk and unpack band data (pack size times nr of pixels)
+        band, data = chunk(data, pack_size * header[10] * header[11])
+        band_result = {"data": bytes.fromhex(band)}
+
+        # Set the nodata value if the nodata flag is set.
+        if pixeltype_with_flags & BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA:
+            band_result["nodata_value"] = nodata
+
+        # Append band data to band list
+        bands.append(band_result)
+
+        # Store pixeltype of this band in pixeltypes array
+        pixeltypes.append(pixeltype)
+
+    # Check that all bands have the same pixeltype.
+    # This is required by GDAL. PostGIS rasters could have different pixeltypes
+    # for bands of the same raster.
+    if len(set(pixeltypes)) != 1:
+        raise ValidationError("Band pixeltypes are not all equal.")
+
+    return {
+        "srid": int(header[9]),
+        "width": header[10],
+        "height": header[11],
+        "datatype": pixeltypes[0],
+        "origin": (header[5], header[6]),
+        "scale": (header[3], header[4]),
+        "skew": (header[7], header[8]),
+        "bands": bands,
+    }
+
+
+def to_pgraster(rast):
+    """
+    Convert a GDALRaster into PostGIS Raster format.
+    """
+    # Prepare the raster header data as a tuple. The first two numbers are
+    # the endianness and the PostGIS Raster Version, both are fixed by
+    # PostGIS at the moment.
+    rasterheader = (
+        1,
+        0,
+        len(rast.bands),
+        rast.scale.x,
+        rast.scale.y,
+        rast.origin.x,
+        rast.origin.y,
+        rast.skew.x,
+        rast.skew.y,
+        rast.srs.srid,
+        rast.width,
+        rast.height,
+    )
+
+    # Pack raster header.
+    result = pack(POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE, rasterheader)
+
+    for band in rast.bands:
+        # The PostGIS raster band header has exactly two elements, a 8BUI byte
+        # and the nodata value.
+        #
+        # The 8BUI stores both the PostGIS pixel data type and a nodata flag.
+        # It is composed as the datatype with BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA (1 << 6)
+        # for existing nodata values:
+        #   8BUI_VALUE = PG_PIXEL_TYPE (0-11) | BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA
+        #
+        # For example, if the byte value is 71, then the datatype is
+        #   71 & ~BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA = 7 (32BSI)
+        # and the nodata value is True.
+        structure = "B" + GDAL_TO_STRUCT[band.datatype()]
+
+        # Get band pixel type in PostGIS notation
+        pixeltype = GDAL_TO_POSTGIS[band.datatype()]
+
+        # Set the nodata flag
+        if band.nodata_value is not None:
+            pixeltype |= BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA
+
+        # Pack band header
+        bandheader = pack(structure, (pixeltype, band.nodata_value or 0))
+
+        # Add packed header and band data to result
+        result += bandheader + band.data(as_memoryview=True)
+
+    return result

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.models.expressions import Col, Func
+
+
+class PostGISSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
+    geom_index_type = "GIST"
+    geom_index_ops_nd = "GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS_ND"
+    rast_index_template = "ST_ConvexHull(%(expressions)s)"
+
+    sql_alter_column_to_3d = (
+        "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s TYPE %(type)s USING ST_Force3D(%(column)s)::%(type)s"
+    )
+    sql_alter_column_to_2d = (
+        "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s TYPE %(type)s USING ST_Force2D(%(column)s)::%(type)s"
+    )
+
+    def geo_quote_name(self, name):
+        return self.connection.ops.geo_quote_name(name)
+
+    def _field_should_be_indexed(self, model, field):
+        if getattr(field, "spatial_index", False):
+            return True
+        return super()._field_should_be_indexed(model, field)
+
+    def _create_index_sql(self, model, *, fields=None, **kwargs):
+        if fields is None or len(fields) != 1 or not hasattr(fields[0], "geodetic"):
+            return super()._create_index_sql(model, fields=fields, **kwargs)
+
+        return self._create_spatial_index_sql(model, fields[0], **kwargs)
+
+    def _alter_column_type_sql(
+        self, table, old_field, new_field, new_type, old_collation, new_collation
+    ):
+        """
+        Special case when dimension changed.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(old_field, "dim") or not hasattr(new_field, "dim"):
+            return super()._alter_column_type_sql(
+                table, old_field, new_field, new_type, old_collation, new_collation
+            )
+
+        if old_field.dim == 2 and new_field.dim == 3:
+            sql_alter = self.sql_alter_column_to_3d
+        elif old_field.dim == 3 and new_field.dim == 2:
+            sql_alter = self.sql_alter_column_to_2d
+        else:
+            sql_alter = self.sql_alter_column_type
+        return (
+            (
+                sql_alter
+                % {
+                    "column": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
+                    "type": new_type,
+                    "collation": "",
+                },
+                [],
+            ),
+            [],
+        )
+
+    def _alter_field(
+        self,
+        model,
+        old_field,
+        new_field,
+        old_type,
+        new_type,
+        old_db_params,
+        new_db_params,
+        strict=False,
+    ):
+        super()._alter_field(
+            model,
+            old_field,
+            new_field,
+            old_type,
+            new_type,
+            old_db_params,
+            new_db_params,
+            strict=strict,
+        )
+
+        old_field_spatial_index = (
+            isinstance(old_field, GeometryField) and old_field.spatial_index
+        )
+        new_field_spatial_index = (
+            isinstance(new_field, GeometryField) and new_field.spatial_index
+        )
+        if not old_field_spatial_index and new_field_spatial_index:
+            self.execute(self._create_spatial_index_sql(model, new_field))
+        elif old_field_spatial_index and not new_field_spatial_index:
+            self.execute(self._delete_spatial_index_sql(model, old_field))
+
+    def _create_spatial_index_name(self, model, field):
+        return self._create_index_name(model._meta.db_table, [field.column], "_id")
+
+    def _create_spatial_index_sql(self, model, field, **kwargs):
+        expressions = None
+        opclasses = None
+        fields = [field]
+        if field.geom_type == "RASTER":
+            # For raster fields, wrap index creation SQL statement with ST_ConvexHull.
+            # Indexes on raster columns are based on the convex hull of the raster.
+            expressions = Func(Col(None, field), template=self.rast_index_template)
+            fields = None
+        elif field.dim > 2 and not field.geography:
+            # Use "nd" ops which are fast on multidimensional cases
+            opclasses = [self.geom_index_ops_nd]
+        if not (name := kwargs.get("name")):
+            name = self._create_spatial_index_name(model, field)
+
+        return super()._create_index_sql(
+            model,
+            fields=fields,
+            name=name,
+            using=" USING %s" % self.geom_index_type,
+            opclasses=opclasses,
+            expressions=expressions,
+        )
+
+    def _delete_spatial_index_sql(self, model, field):
+        index_name = self._create_spatial_index_name(model, field)
+        return self._delete_index_sql(model, index_name)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/adapter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.adapter import WKTAdapter
+from django.db.backends.sqlite3.base import Database
+
+
+class SpatiaLiteAdapter(WKTAdapter):
+    "SQLite adapter for geometry objects."
+
+    def __conform__(self, protocol):
+        if protocol is Database.PrepareProtocol:
+            return str(self)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db.backends.sqlite3.base import DatabaseWrapper as SQLiteDatabaseWrapper
+
+from .client import SpatiaLiteClient
+from .features import DatabaseFeatures
+from .introspection import SpatiaLiteIntrospection
+from .operations import SpatiaLiteOperations
+from .schema import SpatialiteSchemaEditor
+
+
+class DatabaseWrapper(SQLiteDatabaseWrapper):
+    SchemaEditorClass = SpatialiteSchemaEditor
+    # Classes instantiated in __init__().
+    client_class = SpatiaLiteClient
+    features_class = DatabaseFeatures
+    introspection_class = SpatiaLiteIntrospection
+    ops_class = SpatiaLiteOperations
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # Trying to find the location of the SpatiaLite library.
+        # Here we are figuring out the path to the SpatiaLite library
+        # (`libspatialite`). If it's not in the system library path (e.g., it
+        # cannot be found by `ctypes.util.find_library`), then it may be set
+        # manually in the settings via the `SPATIALITE_LIBRARY_PATH` setting.
+        self.lib_spatialite_paths = [
+            name
+            for name in [
+                getattr(settings, "SPATIALITE_LIBRARY_PATH", None),
+                "mod_spatialite.so",
+                "mod_spatialite",
+                find_library("spatialite"),
+            ]
+            if name is not None
+        ]
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_new_connection(self, conn_params):
+        conn = super().get_new_connection(conn_params)
+        # Enabling extension loading on the SQLite connection.
+        try:
+            conn.enable_load_extension(True)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "SpatiaLite requires SQLite to be configured to allow "
+                "extension loading."
+            )
+        # Load the SpatiaLite library extension on the connection.
+        for path in self.lib_spatialite_paths:
+            try:
+                conn.load_extension(path)
+            except Exception:
+                if getattr(settings, "SPATIALITE_LIBRARY_PATH", None):
+                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                        "Unable to load the SpatiaLite library extension "
+                        "as specified in your SPATIALITE_LIBRARY_PATH setting."
+                    )
+                continue
+            else:
+                break
+        else:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Unable to load the SpatiaLite library extension. "
+                "Library names tried: %s" % ", ".join(self.lib_spatialite_paths)
+            )
+        return conn
+
+    def prepare_database(self):
+        super().prepare_database()
+        # Check if spatial metadata have been initialized in the database
+        with self.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute("PRAGMA table_info(geometry_columns);")
+            if cursor.fetchall() == []:
+                if self.ops.spatial_version < (5,):
+                    cursor.execute("SELECT InitSpatialMetaData(1)")
+                else:
+                    cursor.execute("SELECT InitSpatialMetaDataFull(1)")

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from django.db.backends.sqlite3.client import DatabaseClient
+
+
+class SpatiaLiteClient(DatabaseClient):
+    executable_name = "spatialite"

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/features.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
+from django.db.backends.sqlite3.features import (
+    DatabaseFeatures as SQLiteDatabaseFeatures,
+)
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+
+class DatabaseFeatures(BaseSpatialFeatures, SQLiteDatabaseFeatures):
+    can_alter_geometry_field = False  # Not implemented
+    supports_3d_storage = True
+
+    @cached_property
+    def supports_area_geodetic(self):
+        return bool(self.connection.ops.geom_lib_version())
+
+    @cached_property
+    def django_test_skips(self):
+        skips = super().django_test_skips
+        skips.update(
+            {
+                "SpatiaLite doesn't support distance lookups with Distance objects.": {
+                    "gis_tests.geogapp.tests.GeographyTest.test02_distance_lookup",
+                },
+            }
+        )
+        return skips

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/introspection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
+from django.db.backends.sqlite3.introspection import (
+    DatabaseIntrospection,
+    FlexibleFieldLookupDict,
+)
+
+
+class GeoFlexibleFieldLookupDict(FlexibleFieldLookupDict):
+    """
+    Subclass that includes updates the `base_data_types_reverse` dict
+    for geometry field types.
+    """
+
+    base_data_types_reverse = {
+        **FlexibleFieldLookupDict.base_data_types_reverse,
+        "point": "GeometryField",
+        "linestring": "GeometryField",
+        "polygon": "GeometryField",
+        "multipoint": "GeometryField",
+        "multilinestring": "GeometryField",
+        "multipolygon": "GeometryField",
+        "geometrycollection": "GeometryField",
+    }
+
+
+class SpatiaLiteIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
+    data_types_reverse = GeoFlexibleFieldLookupDict()
+
+    def get_geometry_type(self, table_name, description):
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            # Querying the `geometry_columns` table to get additional metadata.
+            cursor.execute(
+                "SELECT coord_dimension, srid, geometry_type "
+                "FROM geometry_columns "
+                "WHERE f_table_name=%s AND f_geometry_column=%s",
+                (table_name, description.name),
+            )
+            row = cursor.fetchone()
+            if not row:
+                raise Exception(
+                    'Could not find a geometry column for "%s"."%s"'
+                    % (table_name, description.name)
+                )
+
+            # OGRGeomType does not require GDAL and makes it easy to convert
+            # from OGC geom type name to Django field.
+            ogr_type = row[2]
+            if isinstance(ogr_type, int) and ogr_type > 1000:
+                # SpatiaLite uses SFSQL 1.2 offsets 1000 (Z), 2000 (M), and
+                # 3000 (ZM) to indicate the presence of higher dimensional
+                # coordinates (M not yet supported by Django).
+                ogr_type = ogr_type % 1000 + OGRGeomType.wkb25bit
+            field_type = OGRGeomType(ogr_type).django
+
+            # Getting any GeometryField keyword arguments that are not the default.
+            dim = row[0]
+            srid = row[1]
+            field_params = {}
+            if srid != 4326:
+                field_params["srid"] = srid
+            if (isinstance(dim, str) and "Z" in dim) or dim == 3:
+                field_params["dim"] = 3
+        return field_type, field_params
+
+    def get_constraints(self, cursor, table_name):
+        constraints = super().get_constraints(cursor, table_name)
+        cursor.execute(
+            "SELECT f_geometry_column "
+            "FROM geometry_columns "
+            "WHERE f_table_name=%s AND spatial_index_enabled=1",
+            (table_name,),
+        )
+        for row in cursor.fetchall():
+            constraints["%s__spatial__index" % row[0]] = {
+                "columns": [row[0]],
+                "primary_key": False,
+                "unique": False,
+                "foreign_key": None,
+                "check": False,
+                "index": True,
+            }
+        return constraints

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""
+The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the SpatiaLite backend.
+"""
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class SpatialiteGeometryColumns(models.Model):
+    """
+    The 'geometry_columns' table from SpatiaLite.
+    """
+
+    f_table_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    f_geometry_column = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    coord_dimension = models.IntegerField()
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    spatial_index_enabled = models.IntegerField()
+    type = models.IntegerField(db_column="geometry_type")
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "geometry_columns"
+        managed = False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s.%s - %dD %s field (SRID: %d)" % (
+            self.f_table_name,
+            self.f_geometry_column,
+            self.coord_dimension,
+            self.type,
+            self.srid,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def table_name_col(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature table
+        name.
+        """
+        return "f_table_name"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def geom_col_name(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature
+        geometry column.
+        """
+        return "f_geometry_column"
+
+
+class SpatialiteSpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
+    """
+    The 'spatial_ref_sys' table from SpatiaLite.
+    """
+
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    auth_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    auth_srid = models.IntegerField()
+    ref_sys_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    proj4text = models.CharField(max_length=2048)
+    srtext = models.CharField(max_length=2048)
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "spatial_ref_sys"
+        managed = False
+
+    @property
+    def wkt(self):
+        return self.srtext

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/operations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""
+SQL functions reference lists:
+https://www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite-sql-4.3.0.html
+"""
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db import models
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import BaseSpatialOperations
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite.adapter import SpatiaLiteAdapter
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, GEOSGeometryBase
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db.backends.sqlite3.operations import DatabaseOperations
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+from django.utils.version import get_version_tuple
+
+
+class SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(SpatialOperator):
+    def as_sql(self, connection, lookup, template_params, sql_params):
+        sql, params = super().as_sql(connection, lookup, template_params, sql_params)
+        return "%s > 0" % sql, params
+
+
+class SpatiaLiteOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
+    name = "spatialite"
+    spatialite = True
+
+    Adapter = SpatiaLiteAdapter
+
+    collect = "Collect"
+    extent = "Extent"
+    makeline = "MakeLine"
+    unionagg = "GUnion"
+
+    from_text = "GeomFromText"
+
+    gis_operators = {
+        # Binary predicates
+        "equals": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Equals"),
+        "disjoint": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Disjoint"),
+        "touches": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Touches"),
+        "crosses": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Crosses"),
+        "within": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Within"),
+        "overlaps": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Overlaps"),
+        "contains": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Contains"),
+        "intersects": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Intersects"),
+        "relate": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Relate"),
+        "coveredby": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="CoveredBy"),
+        "covers": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Covers"),
+        # Returns true if B's bounding box completely contains A's bounding box.
+        "contained": SpatialOperator(func="MbrWithin"),
+        # Returns true if A's bounding box completely contains B's bounding box.
+        "bbcontains": SpatialOperator(func="MbrContains"),
+        # Returns true if A's bounding box overlaps B's bounding box.
+        "bboverlaps": SpatialOperator(func="MbrOverlaps"),
+        # These are implemented here as synonyms for Equals
+        "same_as": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Equals"),
+        "exact": SpatialiteNullCheckOperator(func="Equals"),
+        # Distance predicates
+        "dwithin": SpatialOperator(func="PtDistWithin"),
+    }
+
+    disallowed_aggregates = (models.Extent3D,)
+
+    select = "CAST (AsEWKB(%s) AS BLOB)"
+
+    function_names = {
+        "AsWKB": "St_AsBinary",
+        "BoundingCircle": "GEOSMinimumBoundingCircle",
+        "ForcePolygonCW": "ST_ForceLHR",
+        "FromWKB": "ST_GeomFromWKB",
+        "FromWKT": "ST_GeomFromText",
+        "Length": "ST_Length",
+        "LineLocatePoint": "ST_Line_Locate_Point",
+        "NumPoints": "ST_NPoints",
+        "Reverse": "ST_Reverse",
+        "Scale": "ScaleCoords",
+        "Translate": "ST_Translate",
+        "Union": "ST_Union",
+    }
+
+    @cached_property
+    def unsupported_functions(self):
+        unsupported = {"GeometryDistance", "IsEmpty", "MemSize"}
+        if not self.geom_lib_version():
+            unsupported |= {"Azimuth", "GeoHash", "MakeValid"}
+        if self.spatial_version < (5, 1):
+            unsupported |= {"BoundingCircle"}
+        return unsupported
+
+    @cached_property
+    def spatial_version(self):
+        """Determine the version of the SpatiaLite library."""
+        try:
+            version = self.spatialite_version_tuple()[1:]
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                'Cannot determine the SpatiaLite version for the "%s" database. '
+                "Was the SpatiaLite initialization SQL loaded on this database?"
+                % (self.connection.settings_dict["NAME"],)
+            ) from exc
+        if version < (4, 3, 0):
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured("GeoDjango supports SpatiaLite 4.3.0 and above.")
+        return version
+
+    def convert_extent(self, box):
+        """
+        Convert the polygon data received from SpatiaLite to min/max values.
+        """
+        if box is None:
+            return None
+        shell = GEOSGeometry(box).shell
+        xmin, ymin = shell[0][:2]
+        xmax, ymax = shell[2][:2]
+        return (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
+
+    def geo_db_type(self, f):
+        """
+        Return None because geometry columns are added via the
+        `AddGeometryColumn` stored procedure on SpatiaLite.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def get_distance(self, f, value, lookup_type):
+        """
+        Return the distance parameters for the given geometry field,
+        lookup value, and lookup type.
+        """
+        if not value:
+            return []
+        value = value[0]
+        if isinstance(value, Distance):
+            if f.geodetic(self.connection):
+                if lookup_type == "dwithin":
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Only numeric values of degree units are allowed on "
+                        "geographic DWithin queries."
+                    )
+                dist_param = value.m
+            else:
+                dist_param = getattr(
+                    value, Distance.unit_attname(f.units_name(self.connection))
+                )
+        else:
+            dist_param = value
+        return [dist_param]
+
+    def _get_spatialite_func(self, func):
+        """
+        Helper routine for calling SpatiaLite functions and returning
+        their result.
+        Any error occurring in this method should be handled by the caller.
+        """
+        cursor = self.connection._cursor()
+        try:
+            cursor.execute("SELECT %s" % func)
+            row = cursor.fetchone()
+        finally:
+            cursor.close()
+        return row[0]
+
+    def geos_version(self):
+        "Return the version of GEOS used by SpatiaLite as a string."
+        return self._get_spatialite_func("geos_version()")
+
+    def proj_version(self):
+        """Return the version of the PROJ library used by SpatiaLite."""
+        return self._get_spatialite_func("proj4_version()")
+
+    def lwgeom_version(self):
+        """Return the version of LWGEOM library used by SpatiaLite."""
+        return self._get_spatialite_func("lwgeom_version()")
+
+    def rttopo_version(self):
+        """Return the version of RTTOPO library used by SpatiaLite."""
+        return self._get_spatialite_func("rttopo_version()")
+
+    def geom_lib_version(self):
+        """
+        Return the version of the version-dependant geom library used by
+        SpatiaLite.
+        """
+        if self.spatial_version >= (5,):
+            return self.rttopo_version()
+        else:
+            return self.lwgeom_version()
+
+    def spatialite_version(self):
+        "Return the SpatiaLite library version as a string."
+        return self._get_spatialite_func("spatialite_version()")
+
+    def spatialite_version_tuple(self):
+        """
+        Return the SpatiaLite version as a tuple (version string, major,
+        minor, subminor).
+        """
+        version = self.spatialite_version()
+        return (version,) + get_version_tuple(version)
+
+    def spatial_aggregate_name(self, agg_name):
+        """
+        Return the spatial aggregate SQL template and function for the
+        given Aggregate instance.
+        """
+        agg_name = "unionagg" if agg_name.lower() == "union" else agg_name.lower()
+        return getattr(self, agg_name)
+
+    # Routines for getting the OGC-compliant models.
+    def geometry_columns(self):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite.models import (
+            SpatialiteGeometryColumns,
+        )
+
+        return SpatialiteGeometryColumns
+
+    def spatial_ref_sys(self):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite.models import (
+            SpatialiteSpatialRefSys,
+        )
+
+        return SpatialiteSpatialRefSys
+
+    def get_geometry_converter(self, expression):
+        geom_class = expression.output_field.geom_class
+        read = wkb_r().read
+
+        def converter(value, expression, connection):
+            return None if value is None else GEOSGeometryBase(read(value), geom_class)
+
+        return converter

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+from django.db import DatabaseError
+from django.db.backends.sqlite3.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
+
+
+class SpatialiteSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
+    sql_add_geometry_column = (
+        "SELECT AddGeometryColumn(%(table)s, %(column)s, %(srid)s, "
+        "%(geom_type)s, %(dim)s, %(null)s)"
+    )
+    sql_add_spatial_index = "SELECT CreateSpatialIndex(%(table)s, %(column)s)"
+    sql_drop_spatial_index = "DROP TABLE idx_%(table)s_%(column)s"
+    sql_recover_geometry_metadata = (
+        "SELECT RecoverGeometryColumn(%(table)s, %(column)s, %(srid)s, "
+        "%(geom_type)s, %(dim)s)"
+    )
+    sql_remove_geometry_metadata = "SELECT DiscardGeometryColumn(%(table)s, %(column)s)"
+    sql_discard_geometry_columns = (
+        "DELETE FROM %(geom_table)s WHERE f_table_name = %(table)s"
+    )
+    sql_update_geometry_columns = (
+        "UPDATE %(geom_table)s SET f_table_name = %(new_table)s "
+        "WHERE f_table_name = %(old_table)s"
+    )
+
+    geometry_tables = [
+        "geometry_columns",
+        "geometry_columns_auth",
+        "geometry_columns_time",
+        "geometry_columns_statistics",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.geometry_sql = []
+
+    def geo_quote_name(self, name):
+        return self.connection.ops.geo_quote_name(name)
+
+    def column_sql(self, model, field, include_default=False):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+
+        if not isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+            return super().column_sql(model, field, include_default)
+
+        # Geometry columns are created by the `AddGeometryColumn` function
+        self.geometry_sql.append(
+            self.sql_add_geometry_column
+            % {
+                "table": self.geo_quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+                "column": self.geo_quote_name(field.column),
+                "srid": field.srid,
+                "geom_type": self.geo_quote_name(field.geom_type),
+                "dim": field.dim,
+                "null": int(not field.null),
+            }
+        )
+
+        if field.spatial_index:
+            self.geometry_sql.append(
+                self.sql_add_spatial_index
+                % {
+                    "table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+                    "column": self.quote_name(field.column),
+                }
+            )
+        return None, None
+
+    def remove_geometry_metadata(self, model, field):
+        self.execute(
+            self.sql_remove_geometry_metadata
+            % {
+                "table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+                "column": self.quote_name(field.column),
+            }
+        )
+        self.execute(
+            self.sql_drop_spatial_index
+            % {
+                "table": model._meta.db_table,
+                "column": field.column,
+            }
+        )
+
+    def create_model(self, model):
+        super().create_model(model)
+        # Create geometry columns
+        for sql in self.geometry_sql:
+            self.execute(sql)
+        self.geometry_sql = []
+
+    def delete_model(self, model, **kwargs):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+
+        # Drop spatial metadata (dropping the table does not automatically remove them)
+        for field in model._meta.local_fields:
+            if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+                self.remove_geometry_metadata(model, field)
+        # Make sure all geom stuff is gone
+        for geom_table in self.geometry_tables:
+            try:
+                self.execute(
+                    self.sql_discard_geometry_columns
+                    % {
+                        "geom_table": geom_table,
+                        "table": self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+                    }
+                )
+            except DatabaseError:
+                pass
+        super().delete_model(model, **kwargs)
+
+    def add_field(self, model, field):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+
+        if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+            # Populate self.geometry_sql
+            self.column_sql(model, field)
+            for sql in self.geometry_sql:
+                self.execute(sql)
+            self.geometry_sql = []
+        else:
+            super().add_field(model, field)
+
+    def remove_field(self, model, field):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+
+        # NOTE: If the field is a geometry field, the table is just recreated,
+        # the parent's remove_field can't be used cause it will skip the
+        # recreation if the field does not have a database type. Geometry fields
+        # do not have a db type cause they are added and removed via stored
+        # procedures.
+        if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+            self._remake_table(model, delete_field=field)
+        else:
+            super().remove_field(model, field)
+
+    def alter_db_table(self, model, old_db_table, new_db_table):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField
+
+        if old_db_table == new_db_table or (
+            self.connection.features.ignores_table_name_case
+            and old_db_table.lower() == new_db_table.lower()
+        ):
+            return
+        # Remove geometry-ness from temp table
+        for field in model._meta.local_fields:
+            if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+                self.execute(
+                    self.sql_remove_geometry_metadata
+                    % {
+                        "table": self.quote_name(old_db_table),
+                        "column": self.quote_name(field.column),
+                    }
+                )
+        # Alter table
+        super().alter_db_table(model, old_db_table, new_db_table)
+        # Repoint any straggler names
+        for geom_table in self.geometry_tables:
+            try:
+                self.execute(
+                    self.sql_update_geometry_columns
+                    % {
+                        "geom_table": geom_table,
+                        "old_table": self.quote_name(old_db_table),
+                        "new_table": self.quote_name(new_db_table),
+                    }
+                )
+            except DatabaseError:
+                pass
+        # Re-add geometry-ness and rename spatial index tables
+        for field in model._meta.local_fields:
+            if isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+                self.execute(
+                    self.sql_recover_geometry_metadata
+                    % {
+                        "table": self.geo_quote_name(new_db_table),
+                        "column": self.geo_quote_name(field.column),
+                        "srid": field.srid,
+                        "geom_type": self.geo_quote_name(field.geom_type),
+                        "dim": field.dim,
+                    }
+                )
+            if getattr(field, "spatial_index", False):
+                self.execute(
+                    self.sql_rename_table
+                    % {
+                        "old_table": self.quote_name(
+                            "idx_%s_%s" % (old_db_table, field.column)
+                        ),
+                        "new_table": self.quote_name(
+                            "idx_%s_%s" % (new_db_table, field.column)
+                        ),
+                    }
+                )

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""
+A collection of utility routines and classes used by the spatial
+backends.
+"""
+
+
+class SpatialOperator:
+    """
+    Class encapsulating the behavior specific to a GIS operation (used by lookups).
+    """
+
+    sql_template = None
+
+    def __init__(self, op=None, func=None):
+        self.op = op
+        self.func = func
+
+    @property
+    def default_template(self):
+        if self.func:
+            return "%(func)s(%(lhs)s, %(rhs)s)"
+        else:
+            return "%(lhs)s %(op)s %(rhs)s"
+
+    def as_sql(self, connection, lookup, template_params, sql_params):
+        sql_template = self.sql_template or lookup.sql_template or self.default_template
+        template_params.update({"op": self.op, "func": self.func})
+        return sql_template % template_params, sql_params

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from django.db.models import *  # NOQA isort:skip
+from django.db.models import __all__ as models_all  # isort:skip
+import django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions  # NOQA
+import django.contrib.gis.db.models.lookups  # NOQA
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.aggregates import *  # NOQA
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.aggregates import __all__ as aggregates_all
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import (
+    GeometryCollectionField,
+    GeometryField,
+    LineStringField,
+    MultiLineStringField,
+    MultiPointField,
+    MultiPolygonField,
+    PointField,
+    PolygonField,
+    RasterField,
+)
+
+__all__ = models_all + aggregates_all
+__all__ += [
+    "GeometryCollectionField",
+    "GeometryField",
+    "LineStringField",
+    "MultiLineStringField",
+    "MultiPointField",
+    "MultiPolygonField",
+    "PointField",
+    "PolygonField",
+    "RasterField",
+]

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import (
+    ExtentField,
+    GeometryCollectionField,
+    GeometryField,
+    LineStringField,
+)
+from django.db.models import Aggregate, Func, Value
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+__all__ = ["Collect", "Extent", "Extent3D", "MakeLine", "Union"]
+
+
+class GeoAggregate(Aggregate):
+    function = None
+    is_extent = False
+
+    @cached_property
+    def output_field(self):
+        return self.output_field_class(self.source_expressions[0].output_field.srid)
+
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection, function=None, **extra_context):
+        # this will be called again in parent, but it's needed now - before
+        # we get the spatial_aggregate_name
+        connection.ops.check_expression_support(self)
+        return super().as_sql(
+            compiler,
+            connection,
+            function=function or connection.ops.spatial_aggregate_name(self.name),
+            **extra_context,
+        )
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        if not self.is_extent:
+            tolerance = self.extra.get("tolerance") or getattr(self, "tolerance", 0.05)
+            clone = self.copy()
+            source_expressions = self.get_source_expressions()
+            source_expressions.pop()  # Don't wrap filters with SDOAGGRTYPE().
+            spatial_type_expr = Func(
+                *source_expressions,
+                Value(tolerance),
+                function="SDOAGGRTYPE",
+                output_field=self.output_field,
+            )
+            source_expressions = [spatial_type_expr, self.filter]
+            clone.set_source_expressions(source_expressions)
+            return clone.as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+        return self.as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+    def resolve_expression(
+        self, query=None, allow_joins=True, reuse=None, summarize=False, for_save=False
+    ):
+        c = super().resolve_expression(query, allow_joins, reuse, summarize, for_save)
+        for field in c.get_source_fields():
+            if not hasattr(field, "geom_type"):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Geospatial aggregates only allowed on geometry fields."
+                )
+        return c
+
+
+class Collect(GeoAggregate):
+    name = "Collect"
+    output_field_class = GeometryCollectionField
+
+
+class Extent(GeoAggregate):
+    name = "Extent"
+    is_extent = "2D"
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, **extra):
+        super().__init__(expression, output_field=ExtentField(), **extra)
+
+    def convert_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        return connection.ops.convert_extent(value)
+
+
+class Extent3D(GeoAggregate):
+    name = "Extent3D"
+    is_extent = "3D"
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, **extra):
+        super().__init__(expression, output_field=ExtentField(), **extra)
+
+    def convert_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        return connection.ops.convert_extent3d(value)
+
+
+class MakeLine(GeoAggregate):
+    name = "MakeLine"
+    output_field_class = LineStringField
+
+
+class Union(GeoAggregate):
+    name = "Union"
+    output_field_class = GeometryField

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py

@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+from collections import defaultdict, namedtuple
+
+from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.proxy import SpatialProxy
+from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException
+from django.contrib.gis.geos import (
+    GeometryCollection,
+    GEOSException,
+    GEOSGeometry,
+    LineString,
+    MultiLineString,
+    MultiPoint,
+    MultiPolygon,
+    Point,
+    Polygon,
+)
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db.models import Field
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+# Local cache of the spatial_ref_sys table, which holds SRID data for each
+# spatial database alias. This cache exists so that the database isn't queried
+# for SRID info each time a distance query is constructed.
+_srid_cache = defaultdict(dict)
+
+
+SRIDCacheEntry = namedtuple(
+    "SRIDCacheEntry", ["units", "units_name", "spheroid", "geodetic"]
+)
+
+
+def get_srid_info(srid, connection):
+    """
+    Return the units, unit name, and spheroid WKT associated with the
+    given SRID from the `spatial_ref_sys` (or equivalent) spatial database
+    table for the given database connection.  These results are cached.
+    """
+    from django.contrib.gis.gdal import SpatialReference
+
+    try:
+        # The SpatialRefSys model for the spatial backend.
+        SpatialRefSys = connection.ops.spatial_ref_sys()
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        SpatialRefSys = None
+
+    alias, get_srs = (
+        (
+            connection.alias,
+            lambda srid: SpatialRefSys.objects.using(connection.alias)
+            .get(srid=srid)
+            .srs,
+        )
+        if SpatialRefSys
+        else (None, SpatialReference)
+    )
+    if srid not in _srid_cache[alias]:
+        srs = get_srs(srid)
+        units, units_name = srs.units
+        _srid_cache[alias][srid] = SRIDCacheEntry(
+            units=units,
+            units_name=units_name,
+            spheroid='SPHEROID["%s",%s,%s]'
+            % (srs["spheroid"], srs.semi_major, srs.inverse_flattening),
+            geodetic=srs.geographic,
+        )
+
+    return _srid_cache[alias][srid]
+
+
+class BaseSpatialField(Field):
+    """
+    The Base GIS Field.
+
+    It's used as a base class for GeometryField and RasterField. Defines
+    properties that are common to all GIS fields such as the characteristics
+    of the spatial reference system of the field.
+    """
+
+    description = _("The base GIS field.")
+    empty_strings_allowed = False
+
+    def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, srid=4326, spatial_index=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        The initialization function for base spatial fields. Takes the following
+        as keyword arguments:
+
+        srid:
+         The spatial reference system identifier, an OGC standard.
+         Defaults to 4326 (WGS84).
+
+        spatial_index:
+         Indicates whether to create a spatial index.  Defaults to True.
+         Set this instead of 'db_index' for geographic fields since index
+         creation is different for geometry columns.
+        """
+
+        # Setting the index flag with the value of the `spatial_index` keyword.
+        self.spatial_index = spatial_index
+
+        # Setting the SRID and getting the units.  Unit information must be
+        # easily available in the field instance for distance queries.
+        self.srid = srid
+
+        # Setting the verbose_name keyword argument with the positional
+        # first parameter, so this works like normal fields.
+        kwargs["verbose_name"] = verbose_name
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def deconstruct(self):
+        name, path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct()
+        # Always include SRID for less fragility; include spatial index if it's
+        # not the default value.
+        kwargs["srid"] = self.srid
+        if self.spatial_index is not True:
+            kwargs["spatial_index"] = self.spatial_index
+        return name, path, args, kwargs
+
+    def db_type(self, connection):
+        return connection.ops.geo_db_type(self)
+
+    def spheroid(self, connection):
+        return get_srid_info(self.srid, connection).spheroid
+
+    def units(self, connection):
+        return get_srid_info(self.srid, connection).units
+
+    def units_name(self, connection):
+        return get_srid_info(self.srid, connection).units_name
+
+    def geodetic(self, connection):
+        """
+        Return true if this field's SRID corresponds with a coordinate
+        system that uses non-projected units (e.g., latitude/longitude).
+        """
+        return get_srid_info(self.srid, connection).geodetic
+
+    def get_placeholder(self, value, compiler, connection):
+        """
+        Return the placeholder for the spatial column for the
+        given value.
+        """
+        return connection.ops.get_geom_placeholder(self, value, compiler)
+
+    def get_srid(self, obj):
+        """
+        Return the default SRID for the given geometry or raster, taking into
+        account the SRID set for the field. For example, if the input geometry
+        or raster doesn't have an SRID, then the SRID of the field will be
+        returned.
+        """
+        srid = obj.srid  # SRID of given geometry.
+        if srid is None or self.srid == -1 or (srid == -1 and self.srid != -1):
+            return self.srid
+        else:
+            return srid
+
+    def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, *args, **kwargs):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        return connection.ops.Adapter(
+            super().get_db_prep_value(value, connection, *args, **kwargs),
+            **(
+                {"geography": True}
+                if self.geography and connection.features.supports_geography
+                else {}
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def get_raster_prep_value(self, value, is_candidate):
+        """
+        Return a GDALRaster if conversion is successful, otherwise return None.
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, gdal.GDALRaster):
+            return value
+        elif is_candidate:
+            try:
+                return gdal.GDALRaster(value)
+            except GDALException:
+                pass
+        elif isinstance(value, dict):
+            try:
+                return gdal.GDALRaster(value)
+            except GDALException:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Couldn't create spatial object from lookup value '%s'." % value
+                )
+
+    def get_prep_value(self, value):
+        obj = super().get_prep_value(value)
+        if obj is None:
+            return None
+        # When the input is not a geometry or raster, attempt to construct one
+        # from the given string input.
+        if isinstance(obj, GEOSGeometry):
+            pass
+        else:
+            # Check if input is a candidate for conversion to raster or geometry.
+            is_candidate = isinstance(obj, (bytes, str)) or hasattr(
+                obj, "__geo_interface__"
+            )
+            # Try to convert the input to raster.
+            raster = self.get_raster_prep_value(obj, is_candidate)
+
+            if raster:
+                obj = raster
+            elif is_candidate:
+                try:
+                    obj = GEOSGeometry(obj)
+                except (GEOSException, GDALException):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Couldn't create spatial object from lookup value '%s'." % obj
+                    )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Cannot use object with type %s for a spatial lookup parameter."
+                    % type(obj).__name__
+                )
+
+        # Assigning the SRID value.
+        obj.srid = self.get_srid(obj)
+        return obj
+
+
+class GeometryField(BaseSpatialField):
+    """
+    The base Geometry field -- maps to the OpenGIS Specification Geometry type.
+    """
+
+    description = _(
+        "The base Geometry field — maps to the OpenGIS Specification Geometry type."
+    )
+    form_class = forms.GeometryField
+    # The OpenGIS Geometry name.
+    geom_type = "GEOMETRY"
+    geom_class = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        verbose_name=None,
+        dim=2,
+        geography=False,
+        *,
+        extent=(-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0),
+        tolerance=0.05,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        The initialization function for geometry fields. In addition to the
+        parameters from BaseSpatialField, it takes the following as keyword
+        arguments:
+
+        dim:
+         The number of dimensions for this geometry.  Defaults to 2.
+
+        extent:
+         Customize the extent, in a 4-tuple of WGS 84 coordinates, for the
+         geometry field entry in the `USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA` table.  Defaults
+         to (-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0).
+
+        tolerance:
+         Define the tolerance, in meters, to use for the geometry field
+         entry in the `USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA` table.  Defaults to 0.05.
+        """
+        # Setting the dimension of the geometry field.
+        self.dim = dim
+
+        # Is this a geography rather than a geometry column?
+        self.geography = geography
+
+        # Oracle-specific private attributes for creating the entry in
+        # `USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA`
+        self._extent = extent
+        self._tolerance = tolerance
+
+        super().__init__(verbose_name=verbose_name, **kwargs)
+
+    def deconstruct(self):
+        name, path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct()
+        # Include kwargs if they're not the default values.
+        if self.dim != 2:
+            kwargs["dim"] = self.dim
+        if self.geography is not False:
+            kwargs["geography"] = self.geography
+        if self._extent != (-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0):
+            kwargs["extent"] = self._extent
+        if self._tolerance != 0.05:
+            kwargs["tolerance"] = self._tolerance
+        return name, path, args, kwargs
+
+    def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, **kwargs):
+        super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, **kwargs)
+
+        # Setup for lazy-instantiated Geometry object.
+        setattr(
+            cls,
+            self.attname,
+            SpatialProxy(self.geom_class or GEOSGeometry, self, load_func=GEOSGeometry),
+        )
+
+    def formfield(self, **kwargs):
+        defaults = {
+            "form_class": self.form_class,
+            "geom_type": self.geom_type,
+            "srid": self.srid,
+            **kwargs,
+        }
+        if self.dim > 2 and not getattr(
+            defaults["form_class"].widget, "supports_3d", False
+        ):
+            defaults.setdefault("widget", forms.Textarea)
+        return super().formfield(**defaults)
+
+    def select_format(self, compiler, sql, params):
+        """
+        Return the selection format string, depending on the requirements
+        of the spatial backend. For example, Oracle and MySQL require custom
+        selection formats in order to retrieve geometries in OGC WKB.
+        """
+        if not compiler.query.subquery:
+            return compiler.connection.ops.select % sql, params
+        return sql, params
+
+
+# The OpenGIS Geometry Type Fields
+class PointField(GeometryField):
+    geom_type = "POINT"
+    geom_class = Point
+    form_class = forms.PointField
+    description = _("Point")
+
+
+class LineStringField(GeometryField):
+    geom_type = "LINESTRING"
+    geom_class = LineString
+    form_class = forms.LineStringField
+    description = _("Line string")
+
+
+class PolygonField(GeometryField):
+    geom_type = "POLYGON"
+    geom_class = Polygon
+    form_class = forms.PolygonField
+    description = _("Polygon")
+
+
+class MultiPointField(GeometryField):
+    geom_type = "MULTIPOINT"
+    geom_class = MultiPoint
+    form_class = forms.MultiPointField
+    description = _("Multi-point")
+
+
+class MultiLineStringField(GeometryField):
+    geom_type = "MULTILINESTRING"
+    geom_class = MultiLineString
+    form_class = forms.MultiLineStringField
+    description = _("Multi-line string")
+
+
+class MultiPolygonField(GeometryField):
+    geom_type = "MULTIPOLYGON"
+    geom_class = MultiPolygon
+    form_class = forms.MultiPolygonField
+    description = _("Multi polygon")
+
+
+class GeometryCollectionField(GeometryField):
+    geom_type = "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION"
+    geom_class = GeometryCollection
+    form_class = forms.GeometryCollectionField
+    description = _("Geometry collection")
+
+
+class ExtentField(Field):
+    "Used as a return value from an extent aggregate"
+
+    description = _("Extent Aggregate Field")
+
+    def get_internal_type(self):
+        return "ExtentField"
+
+    def select_format(self, compiler, sql, params):
+        select = compiler.connection.ops.select_extent
+        return select % sql if select else sql, params
+
+
+class RasterField(BaseSpatialField):
+    """
+    Raster field for GeoDjango -- evaluates into GDALRaster objects.
+    """
+
+    description = _("Raster Field")
+    geom_type = "RASTER"
+    geography = False
+
+    def _check_connection(self, connection):
+        # Make sure raster fields are used only on backends with raster support.
+        if (
+            not connection.features.gis_enabled
+            or not connection.features.supports_raster
+        ):
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Raster fields require backends with raster support."
+            )
+
+    def db_type(self, connection):
+        self._check_connection(connection)
+        return super().db_type(connection)
+
+    def from_db_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        return connection.ops.parse_raster(value)
+
+    def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, **kwargs):
+        super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, **kwargs)
+        # Setup for lazy-instantiated Raster object. For large querysets, the
+        # instantiation of all GDALRasters can potentially be expensive. This
+        # delays the instantiation of the objects to the moment of evaluation
+        # of the raster attribute.
+        setattr(cls, self.attname, SpatialProxy(gdal.GDALRaster, self))
+
+    def get_transform(self, name):
+        from django.contrib.gis.db.models.lookups import RasterBandTransform
+
+        try:
+            band_index = int(name)
+            return type(
+                "SpecificRasterBandTransform",
+                (RasterBandTransform,),
+                {"band_index": band_index},
+            )
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        return super().get_transform(name)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/functions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField, GeometryField
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.sql import AreaField, DistanceField
+from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
+from django.core.exceptions import FieldError
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
+from django.db.models import (
+    BinaryField,
+    BooleanField,
+    FloatField,
+    Func,
+    IntegerField,
+    TextField,
+    Transform,
+    Value,
+)
+from django.db.models.functions import Cast
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+NUMERIC_TYPES = (int, float, Decimal)
+
+
+class GeoFuncMixin:
+    function = None
+    geom_param_pos = (0,)
+
+    def __init__(self, *expressions, **extra):
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+        # Ensure that value expressions are geometric.
+        for pos in self.geom_param_pos:
+            expr = self.source_expressions[pos]
+            if not isinstance(expr, Value):
+                continue
+            try:
+                output_field = expr.output_field
+            except FieldError:
+                output_field = None
+            geom = expr.value
+            if (
+                not isinstance(geom, GEOSGeometry)
+                or output_field
+                and not isinstance(output_field, GeometryField)
+            ):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "%s function requires a geometric argument in position %d."
+                    % (self.name, pos + 1)
+                )
+            if not geom.srid and not output_field:
+                raise ValueError("SRID is required for all geometries.")
+            if not output_field:
+                self.source_expressions[pos] = Value(
+                    geom, output_field=GeometryField(srid=geom.srid)
+                )
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
+    @cached_property
+    def geo_field(self):
+        return self.source_expressions[self.geom_param_pos[0]].field
+
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection, function=None, **extra_context):
+        if self.function is None and function is None:
+            function = connection.ops.spatial_function_name(self.name)
+        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function=function, **extra_context)
+
+    def resolve_expression(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        res = super().resolve_expression(*args, **kwargs)
+        if not self.geom_param_pos:
+            return res
+
+        # Ensure that expressions are geometric.
+        source_fields = res.get_source_fields()
+        for pos in self.geom_param_pos:
+            field = source_fields[pos]
+            if not isinstance(field, GeometryField):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "%s function requires a GeometryField in position %s, got %s."
+                    % (
+                        self.name,
+                        pos + 1,
+                        type(field).__name__,
+                    )
+                )
+
+        base_srid = res.geo_field.srid
+        for pos in self.geom_param_pos[1:]:
+            expr = res.source_expressions[pos]
+            expr_srid = expr.output_field.srid
+            if expr_srid != base_srid:
+                # Automatic SRID conversion so objects are comparable.
+                res.source_expressions[pos] = Transform(
+                    expr, base_srid
+                ).resolve_expression(*args, **kwargs)
+        return res
+
+    def _handle_param(self, value, param_name="", check_types=None):
+        if not hasattr(value, "resolve_expression"):
+            if check_types and not isinstance(value, check_types):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "The %s parameter has the wrong type: should be %s."
+                    % (param_name, check_types)
+                )
+        return value
+
+
+class GeoFunc(GeoFuncMixin, Func):
+    pass
+
+
+class GeomOutputGeoFunc(GeoFunc):
+    @cached_property
+    def output_field(self):
+        return GeometryField(srid=self.geo_field.srid)
+
+
+class SQLiteDecimalToFloatMixin:
+    """
+    By default, Decimal values are converted to str by the SQLite backend, which
+    is not acceptable by the GIS functions expecting numeric values.
+    """
+
+    def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        copy = self.copy()
+        copy.set_source_expressions(
+            [
+                (
+                    Value(float(expr.value))
+                    if hasattr(expr, "value") and isinstance(expr.value, Decimal)
+                    else expr
+                )
+                for expr in copy.get_source_expressions()
+            ]
+        )
+        return copy.as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class OracleToleranceMixin:
+    tolerance = 0.05
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        tolerance = Value(
+            self._handle_param(
+                self.extra.get("tolerance", self.tolerance),
+                "tolerance",
+                NUMERIC_TYPES,
+            )
+        )
+        clone = self.copy()
+        clone.set_source_expressions([*self.get_source_expressions(), tolerance])
+        return clone.as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class Area(OracleToleranceMixin, GeoFunc):
+    arity = 1
+
+    @cached_property
+    def output_field(self):
+        return AreaField(self.geo_field)
+
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        if not connection.features.supports_area_geodetic and self.geo_field.geodetic(
+            connection
+        ):
+            raise NotSupportedError(
+                "Area on geodetic coordinate systems not supported."
+            )
+        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+    def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        if self.geo_field.geodetic(connection):
+            extra_context["template"] = "%(function)s(%(expressions)s, %(spheroid)d)"
+            extra_context["spheroid"] = True
+        return self.as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class Azimuth(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = FloatField()
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+
+
+class AsGeoJSON(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = TextField()
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, bbox=False, crs=False, precision=8, **extra):
+        expressions = [expression]
+        if precision is not None:
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, "precision", int))
+        options = 0
+        if crs and bbox:
+            options = 3
+        elif bbox:
+            options = 1
+        elif crs:
+            options = 2
+        expressions.append(options)
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        source_expressions = self.get_source_expressions()
+        clone = self.copy()
+        clone.set_source_expressions(source_expressions[:1])
+        return super(AsGeoJSON, clone).as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class AsGML(GeoFunc):
+    geom_param_pos = (1,)
+    output_field = TextField()
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, version=2, precision=8, **extra):
+        expressions = [version, expression]
+        if precision is not None:
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, "precision", int))
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        source_expressions = self.get_source_expressions()
+        version = source_expressions[0]
+        clone = self.copy()
+        clone.set_source_expressions([source_expressions[1]])
+        extra_context["function"] = (
+            "SDO_UTIL.TO_GML311GEOMETRY"
+            if version.value == 3
+            else "SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY"
+        )
+        return super(AsGML, clone).as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class AsKML(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = TextField()
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, precision=8, **extra):
+        expressions = [expression]
+        if precision is not None:
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, "precision", int))
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+
+class AsSVG(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = TextField()
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, relative=False, precision=8, **extra):
+        relative = (
+            relative if hasattr(relative, "resolve_expression") else int(relative)
+        )
+        expressions = [
+            expression,
+            relative,
+            self._handle_param(precision, "precision", int),
+        ]
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+
+class AsWKB(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = BinaryField()
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class AsWKT(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = TextField()
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class BoundingCircle(OracleToleranceMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    def __init__(self, expression, num_seg=48, **extra):
+        super().__init__(expression, num_seg, **extra)
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        clone = self.copy()
+        clone.set_source_expressions([self.get_source_expressions()[0]])
+        return super(BoundingCircle, clone).as_oracle(
+            compiler, connection, **extra_context
+        )
+
+    def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        clone = self.copy()
+        clone.set_source_expressions([self.get_source_expressions()[0]])
+        return super(BoundingCircle, clone).as_sqlite(
+            compiler, connection, **extra_context
+        )
+
+
+class Centroid(OracleToleranceMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class ClosestPoint(GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+
+
+class Difference(OracleToleranceMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+
+
+class DistanceResultMixin:
+    @cached_property
+    def output_field(self):
+        return DistanceField(self.geo_field)
+
+    def source_is_geography(self):
+        return self.geo_field.geography and self.geo_field.srid == 4326
+
+
+class Distance(DistanceResultMixin, OracleToleranceMixin, GeoFunc):
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+    spheroid = None
+
+    def __init__(self, expr1, expr2, spheroid=None, **extra):
+        expressions = [expr1, expr2]
+        if spheroid is not None:
+            self.spheroid = self._handle_param(spheroid, "spheroid", bool)
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+    def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        clone = self.copy()
+        function = None
+        expr2 = clone.source_expressions[1]
+        geography = self.source_is_geography()
+        if expr2.output_field.geography != geography:
+            if isinstance(expr2, Value):
+                expr2.output_field.geography = geography
+            else:
+                clone.source_expressions[1] = Cast(
+                    expr2,
+                    GeometryField(srid=expr2.output_field.srid, geography=geography),
+                )
+
+        if not geography and self.geo_field.geodetic(connection):
+            # Geometry fields with geodetic (lon/lat) coordinates need special
+            # distance functions.
+            if self.spheroid:
+                # DistanceSpheroid is more accurate and resource intensive than
+                # DistanceSphere.
+                function = connection.ops.spatial_function_name("DistanceSpheroid")
+                # Replace boolean param by the real spheroid of the base field
+                clone.source_expressions.append(
+                    Value(self.geo_field.spheroid(connection))
+                )
+            else:
+                function = connection.ops.spatial_function_name("DistanceSphere")
+        return super(Distance, clone).as_sql(
+            compiler, connection, function=function, **extra_context
+        )
+
+    def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        if self.geo_field.geodetic(connection):
+            # SpatiaLite returns NULL instead of zero on geodetic coordinates
+            extra_context["template"] = (
+                "COALESCE(%(function)s(%(expressions)s, %(spheroid)s), 0)"
+            )
+            extra_context["spheroid"] = int(bool(self.spheroid))
+        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class Envelope(GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class ForcePolygonCW(GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class FromWKB(GeoFunc):
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = ()
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, srid=0, **extra):
+        expressions = [
+            expression,
+            self._handle_param(srid, "srid", int),
+        ]
+        if "output_field" not in extra:
+            extra["output_field"] = GeometryField(srid=srid)
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        # Oracle doesn't support the srid parameter.
+        source_expressions = self.get_source_expressions()
+        clone = self.copy()
+        clone.set_source_expressions(source_expressions[:1])
+        return super(FromWKB, clone).as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class FromWKT(FromWKB):
+    pass
+
+
+class GeoHash(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = TextField()
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, precision=None, **extra):
+        expressions = [expression]
+        if precision is not None:
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(precision, "precision", int))
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+    def as_mysql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        clone = self.copy()
+        # If no precision is provided, set it to the maximum.
+        if len(clone.source_expressions) < 2:
+            clone.source_expressions.append(Value(100))
+        return clone.as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class GeometryDistance(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = FloatField()
+    arity = 2
+    function = ""
+    arg_joiner = " <-> "
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+
+
+class Intersection(OracleToleranceMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class IsEmpty(GeoFuncMixin, Transform):
+    lookup_name = "isempty"
+    output_field = BooleanField()
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class IsValid(OracleToleranceMixin, GeoFuncMixin, Transform):
+    lookup_name = "isvalid"
+    output_field = BooleanField()
+
+    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        sql, params = super().as_oracle(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+        return "CASE %s WHEN 'TRUE' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END" % sql, params
+
+
+class Length(DistanceResultMixin, OracleToleranceMixin, GeoFunc):
+    def __init__(self, expr1, spheroid=True, **extra):
+        self.spheroid = spheroid
+        super().__init__(expr1, **extra)
+
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        if (
+            self.geo_field.geodetic(connection)
+            and not connection.features.supports_length_geodetic
+        ):
+            raise NotSupportedError(
+                "This backend doesn't support Length on geodetic fields"
+            )
+        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+    def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        clone = self.copy()
+        function = None
+        if self.source_is_geography():
+            clone.source_expressions.append(Value(self.spheroid))
+        elif self.geo_field.geodetic(connection):
+            # Geometry fields with geodetic (lon/lat) coordinates need length_spheroid
+            function = connection.ops.spatial_function_name("LengthSpheroid")
+            clone.source_expressions.append(Value(self.geo_field.spheroid(connection)))
+        else:
+            dim = min(f.dim for f in self.get_source_fields() if f)
+            if dim > 2:
+                function = connection.ops.length3d
+        return super(Length, clone).as_sql(
+            compiler, connection, function=function, **extra_context
+        )
+
+    def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        function = None
+        if self.geo_field.geodetic(connection):
+            function = "GeodesicLength" if self.spheroid else "GreatCircleLength"
+        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function=function, **extra_context)
+
+
+class LineLocatePoint(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = FloatField()
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+
+
+class MakeValid(GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    pass
+
+
+class MemSize(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = IntegerField()
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class NumGeometries(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = IntegerField()
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class NumPoints(GeoFunc):
+    output_field = IntegerField()
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class Perimeter(DistanceResultMixin, OracleToleranceMixin, GeoFunc):
+    arity = 1
+
+    def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        function = None
+        if self.geo_field.geodetic(connection) and not self.source_is_geography():
+            raise NotSupportedError(
+                "ST_Perimeter cannot use a non-projected non-geography field."
+            )
+        dim = min(f.dim for f in self.get_source_fields())
+        if dim > 2:
+            function = connection.ops.perimeter3d
+        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, function=function, **extra_context)
+
+    def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        if self.geo_field.geodetic(connection):
+            raise NotSupportedError("Perimeter cannot use a non-projected field.")
+        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class PointOnSurface(OracleToleranceMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class Reverse(GeoFunc):
+    arity = 1
+
+
+class Scale(SQLiteDecimalToFloatMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    def __init__(self, expression, x, y, z=0.0, **extra):
+        expressions = [
+            expression,
+            self._handle_param(x, "x", NUMERIC_TYPES),
+            self._handle_param(y, "y", NUMERIC_TYPES),
+        ]
+        if z != 0.0:
+            expressions.append(self._handle_param(z, "z", NUMERIC_TYPES))
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+
+class SnapToGrid(SQLiteDecimalToFloatMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    def __init__(self, expression, *args, **extra):
+        nargs = len(args)
+        expressions = [expression]
+        if nargs in (1, 2):
+            expressions.extend(
+                [self._handle_param(arg, "", NUMERIC_TYPES) for arg in args]
+            )
+        elif nargs == 4:
+            # Reverse origin and size param ordering
+            expressions += [
+                *(self._handle_param(arg, "", NUMERIC_TYPES) for arg in args[2:]),
+                *(self._handle_param(arg, "", NUMERIC_TYPES) for arg in args[0:2]),
+            ]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Must provide 1, 2, or 4 arguments to `SnapToGrid`.")
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+
+class SymDifference(OracleToleranceMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)
+
+
+class Transform(GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    def __init__(self, expression, srid, **extra):
+        expressions = [
+            expression,
+            self._handle_param(srid, "srid", int),
+        ]
+        if "output_field" not in extra:
+            extra["output_field"] = GeometryField(srid=srid)
+        super().__init__(*expressions, **extra)
+
+
+class Translate(Scale):
+    def as_sqlite(self, compiler, connection, **extra_context):
+        clone = self.copy()
+        if len(self.source_expressions) < 4:
+            # Always provide the z parameter for ST_Translate
+            clone.source_expressions.append(Value(0))
+        return super(Translate, clone).as_sqlite(compiler, connection, **extra_context)
+
+
+class Union(OracleToleranceMixin, GeomOutputGeoFunc):
+    arity = 2
+    geom_param_pos = (0, 1)

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/lookups.py

@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
+from django.db import NotSupportedError
+from django.db.models import Expression, Lookup, Transform
+from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
+from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile
+
+
+class RasterBandTransform(Transform):
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
+        return compiler.compile(self.lhs)
+
+
+class GISLookup(Lookup):
+    sql_template = None
+    transform_func = None
+    distance = False
+    band_rhs = None
+    band_lhs = None
+
+    def __init__(self, lhs, rhs):
+        rhs, *self.rhs_params = rhs if isinstance(rhs, (list, tuple)) else [rhs]
+        super().__init__(lhs, rhs)
+        self.template_params = {}
+        self.process_rhs_params()
+
+    def process_rhs_params(self):
+        if self.rhs_params:
+            # Check if a band index was passed in the query argument.
+            if len(self.rhs_params) == (2 if self.lookup_name == "relate" else 1):
+                self.process_band_indices()
+            elif len(self.rhs_params) > 1:
+                raise ValueError("Tuple too long for lookup %s." % self.lookup_name)
+        elif isinstance(self.lhs, RasterBandTransform):
+            self.process_band_indices(only_lhs=True)
+
+    def process_band_indices(self, only_lhs=False):
+        """
+        Extract the lhs band index from the band transform class and the rhs
+        band index from the input tuple.
+        """
+        # PostGIS band indices are 1-based, so the band index needs to be
+        # increased to be consistent with the GDALRaster band indices.
+        if only_lhs:
+            self.band_rhs = 1
+            self.band_lhs = self.lhs.band_index + 1
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(self.lhs, RasterBandTransform):
+            self.band_lhs = self.lhs.band_index + 1
+        else:
+            self.band_lhs = 1
+
+        self.band_rhs, *self.rhs_params = self.rhs_params
+
+    def get_db_prep_lookup(self, value, connection):
+        # get_db_prep_lookup is called by process_rhs from super class
+        return ("%s", [connection.ops.Adapter(value)])
+
+    def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
+        if isinstance(self.rhs, Query):
+            # If rhs is some Query, don't touch it.
+            return super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+        if isinstance(self.rhs, Expression):
+            self.rhs = self.rhs.resolve_expression(compiler.query)
+        rhs, rhs_params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+        placeholder = connection.ops.get_geom_placeholder(
+            self.lhs.output_field, self.rhs, compiler
+        )
+        return placeholder % rhs, rhs_params
+
+    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
+        # Unlike BuiltinLookup, the GIS get_rhs_op() implementation should return
+        # an object (SpatialOperator) with an as_sql() method to allow for more
+        # complex computations (where the lhs part can be mixed in).
+        return connection.ops.gis_operators[self.lookup_name]
+
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
+        lhs_sql, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
+        rhs_sql, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+        sql_params = (*lhs_params, *rhs_params)
+
+        template_params = {
+            "lhs": lhs_sql,
+            "rhs": rhs_sql,
+            "value": "%s",
+            **self.template_params,
+        }
+        rhs_op = self.get_rhs_op(connection, rhs_sql)
+        return rhs_op.as_sql(connection, self, template_params, sql_params)
+
+
+# ------------------
+# Geometry operators
+# ------------------
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class OverlapsLeftLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The overlaps_left operator returns true if A's bounding box overlaps or is to the
+    left of B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "overlaps_left"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class OverlapsRightLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'overlaps_right' operator returns true if A's bounding box overlaps or is to the
+    right of B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "overlaps_right"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class OverlapsBelowLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'overlaps_below' operator returns true if A's bounding box overlaps or is below
+    B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "overlaps_below"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class OverlapsAboveLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'overlaps_above' operator returns true if A's bounding box overlaps or is above
+    B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "overlaps_above"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class LeftLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'left' operator returns true if A's bounding box is strictly to the left
+    of B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "left"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class RightLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'right' operator returns true if A's bounding box is strictly to the right
+    of B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "right"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class StrictlyBelowLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'strictly_below' operator returns true if A's bounding box is strictly below B's
+    bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "strictly_below"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class StrictlyAboveLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'strictly_above' operator returns true if A's bounding box is strictly above B's
+    bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "strictly_above"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class SameAsLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The "~=" operator is the "same as" operator. It tests actual geometric
+    equality of two features. So if A and B are the same feature,
+    vertex-by-vertex, the operator returns true.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "same_as"
+
+
+BaseSpatialField.register_lookup(SameAsLookup, "exact")
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class BBContainsLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'bbcontains' operator returns true if A's bounding box completely contains
+    by B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "bbcontains"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class BBOverlapsLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'bboverlaps' operator returns true if A's bounding box overlaps B's
+    bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "bboverlaps"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class ContainedLookup(GISLookup):
+    """
+    The 'contained' operator returns true if A's bounding box is completely contained
+    by B's bounding box.
+    """
+
+    lookup_name = "contained"
+
+
+# ------------------
+# Geometry functions
+# ------------------
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class ContainsLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "contains"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class ContainsProperlyLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "contains_properly"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class CoveredByLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "coveredby"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class CoversLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "covers"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class CrossesLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "crosses"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class DisjointLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "disjoint"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class EqualsLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "equals"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class IntersectsLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "intersects"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class OverlapsLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "overlaps"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class RelateLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "relate"
+    sql_template = "%(func)s(%(lhs)s, %(rhs)s, %%s)"
+    pattern_regex = _lazy_re_compile(r"^[012TF*]{9}$")
+
+    def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
+        # Check the pattern argument
+        pattern = self.rhs_params[0]
+        backend_op = connection.ops.gis_operators[self.lookup_name]
+        if hasattr(backend_op, "check_relate_argument"):
+            backend_op.check_relate_argument(pattern)
+        elif not isinstance(pattern, str) or not self.pattern_regex.match(pattern):
+            raise ValueError('Invalid intersection matrix pattern "%s".' % pattern)
+        sql, params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+        return sql, params + [pattern]
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class TouchesLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "touches"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class WithinLookup(GISLookup):
+    lookup_name = "within"
+
+
+class DistanceLookupBase(GISLookup):
+    distance = True
+    sql_template = "%(func)s(%(lhs)s, %(rhs)s) %(op)s %(value)s"
+
+    def process_rhs_params(self):
+        if not 1 <= len(self.rhs_params) <= 3:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "2, 3, or 4-element tuple required for '%s' lookup." % self.lookup_name
+            )
+        elif len(self.rhs_params) == 3 and self.rhs_params[2] != "spheroid":
+            raise ValueError(
+                "For 4-element tuples the last argument must be the 'spheroid' "
+                "directive."
+            )
+
+        # Check if the second parameter is a band index.
+        if len(self.rhs_params) > 1 and self.rhs_params[1] != "spheroid":
+            self.process_band_indices()
+
+    def process_distance(self, compiler, connection):
+        dist_param = self.rhs_params[0]
+        return (
+            compiler.compile(dist_param.resolve_expression(compiler.query))
+            if hasattr(dist_param, "resolve_expression")
+            else (
+                "%s",
+                connection.ops.get_distance(
+                    self.lhs.output_field, self.rhs_params, self.lookup_name
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class DWithinLookup(DistanceLookupBase):
+    lookup_name = "dwithin"
+    sql_template = "%(func)s(%(lhs)s, %(rhs)s, %(value)s)"
+
+    def process_distance(self, compiler, connection):
+        dist_param = self.rhs_params[0]
+        if (
+            not connection.features.supports_dwithin_distance_expr
+            and hasattr(dist_param, "resolve_expression")
+            and not isinstance(dist_param, Distance)
+        ):
+            raise NotSupportedError(
+                "This backend does not support expressions for specifying "
+                "distance in the dwithin lookup."
+            )
+        return super().process_distance(compiler, connection)
+
+    def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
+        dist_sql, dist_params = self.process_distance(compiler, connection)
+        self.template_params["value"] = dist_sql
+        rhs_sql, params = super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)
+        return rhs_sql, params + dist_params
+
+
+class DistanceLookupFromFunction(DistanceLookupBase):
+    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
+        spheroid = (
+            len(self.rhs_params) == 2 and self.rhs_params[-1] == "spheroid"
+        ) or None
+        distance_expr = connection.ops.distance_expr_for_lookup(
+            self.lhs, self.rhs, spheroid=spheroid
+        )
+        sql, params = compiler.compile(distance_expr.resolve_expression(compiler.query))
+        dist_sql, dist_params = self.process_distance(compiler, connection)
+        return (
+            "%(func)s %(op)s %(dist)s" % {"func": sql, "op": self.op, "dist": dist_sql},
+            params + dist_params,
+        )
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class DistanceGTLookup(DistanceLookupFromFunction):
+    lookup_name = "distance_gt"
+    op = ">"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class DistanceGTELookup(DistanceLookupFromFunction):
+    lookup_name = "distance_gte"
+    op = ">="
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class DistanceLTLookup(DistanceLookupFromFunction):
+    lookup_name = "distance_lt"
+    op = "<"
+
+
+@BaseSpatialField.register_lookup
+class DistanceLTELookup(DistanceLookupFromFunction):
+    lookup_name = "distance_lte"
+    op = "<="

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/proxy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""
+The SpatialProxy object allows for lazy-geometries and lazy-rasters. The proxy
+uses Python descriptors for instantiating and setting Geometry or Raster
+objects corresponding to geographic model fields.
+
+Thanks to Robert Coup for providing this functionality (see #4322).
+"""
+
+from django.db.models.query_utils import DeferredAttribute
+
+
+class SpatialProxy(DeferredAttribute):
+    def __init__(self, klass, field, load_func=None):
+        """
+        Initialize on the given Geometry or Raster class (not an instance)
+        and the corresponding field.
+        """
+        self._klass = klass
+        self._load_func = load_func or klass
+        super().__init__(field)
+
+    def __get__(self, instance, cls=None):
+        """
+        Retrieve the geometry or raster, initializing it using the
+        corresponding class specified during initialization and the value of
+        the field. Currently, GEOS or OGR geometries as well as GDALRasters are
+        supported.
+        """
+        if instance is None:
+            # Accessed on a class, not an instance
+            return self
+
+        # Getting the value of the field.
+        try:
+            geo_value = instance.__dict__[self.field.attname]
+        except KeyError:
+            geo_value = super().__get__(instance, cls)
+
+        if isinstance(geo_value, self._klass):
+            geo_obj = geo_value
+        elif (geo_value is None) or (geo_value == ""):
+            geo_obj = None
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, a geometry or raster object is built using the field's
+            # contents, and the model's corresponding attribute is set.
+            geo_obj = self._load_func(geo_value)
+            setattr(instance, self.field.attname, geo_obj)
+        return geo_obj
+
+    def __set__(self, instance, value):
+        """
+        Retrieve the proxied geometry or raster with the corresponding class
+        specified during initialization.
+
+        To set geometries, use values of None, HEXEWKB, or WKT.
+        To set rasters, use JSON or dict values.
+        """
+        # The geographic type of the field.
+        gtype = self.field.geom_type
+
+        if gtype == "RASTER" and (
+            value is None or isinstance(value, (str, dict, self._klass))
+        ):
+            # For raster fields, ensure input is None or a string, dict, or
+            # raster instance.
+            pass
+        elif isinstance(value, self._klass):
+            # The geometry type must match that of the field -- unless the
+            # general GeometryField is used.
+            if value.srid is None:
+                # Assigning the field SRID if the geometry has no SRID.
+                value.srid = self.field.srid
+        elif value is None or isinstance(value, (str, memoryview)):
+            # Set geometries with None, WKT, HEX, or WKB
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Cannot set %s SpatialProxy (%s) with value of type: %s"
+                % (instance.__class__.__name__, gtype, type(value))
+            )
+
+        # Setting the objects dictionary with the value, and returning.
+        instance.__dict__[self.field.attname] = value
+        return value

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models.sql.conversion import AreaField, DistanceField
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AreaField",
+    "DistanceField",
+]

.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/sql/conversion.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""
+This module holds simple classes to convert geospatial values from the
+database.
+"""
+
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Area, Distance
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class AreaField(models.FloatField):
+    "Wrapper for Area values."
+
+    def __init__(self, geo_field):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.geo_field = geo_field
+
+    def get_prep_value(self, value):
+        if not isinstance(value, Area):
+            raise ValueError("AreaField only accepts Area measurement objects.")
+        return value
+
+    def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False):
+        if value is None:
+            return
+        area_att = connection.ops.get_area_att_for_field(self.geo_field)
+        return getattr(value, area_att) if area_att else value
+
+    def from_db_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if value is None:
+            return
+        # If the database returns a Decimal, convert it to a float as expected
+        # by the Python geometric objects.
+        if isinstance(value, Decimal):
+            value = float(value)
+        # If the units are known, convert value into area measure.
+        area_att = connection.ops.get_area_att_for_field(self.geo_field)
+        return Area(**{area_att: value}) if area_att else value
+
+    def get_internal_type(self):
+        return "AreaField"
+
+
+class DistanceField(models.FloatField):
+    "Wrapper for Distance values."
+
+    def __init__(self, geo_field):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.geo_field = geo_field
+
+    def get_prep_value(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, Distance):
+            return value
+        return super().get_prep_value(value)
+
+    def get_db_prep_value(self, value, connection, prepared=False):
+        if not isinstance(value, Distance):
+            return value
+        distance_att = connection.ops.get_distance_att_for_field(self.geo_field)
+        if not distance_att:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Distance measure is supplied, but units are unknown for result."
+            )
+        return getattr(value, distance_att)
+
+    def from_db_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if value is None:
+            return
+        distance_att = connection.ops.get_distance_att_for_field(self.geo_field)
+        return Distance(**{distance_att: value}) if distance_att else value
+
+    def get_internal_type(self):
+        return "DistanceField"