Fix hardcoded localhost:8000 URLs

- Add backend/utils.py for URL management
- Update serializers to use normalize_file_url()
- Update views to use URL utils from env vars
- Fix frontend components to use NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL
- Add new env vars: DJANGO_BACKEND_URL, DJANGO_MEDIA_BASE_URL
- Replace all hardcoded localhost:8000 with configurable URLs

backend/api/serializers.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from rest_framework import serializers
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from .models import Link, LinkGroup
 from django.conf import settings
+from backend.utils import build_media_url, normalize_file_url
 from .models import Link, LinkGroup
 User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -39,12 +40,8 @@ class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.avatar.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.avatar.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.avatar.url)
         return None
 
 
@@ -71,12 +68,8 @@ class LinkGroupSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.icon.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.icon.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.icon.url)
         return None
 
     def get_background_image_url(self, obj):
@@ -85,12 +78,8 @@ class LinkGroupSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.background_image.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.background_image.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.background_image.url)
         return None
 
     def validate_header_color(self, value):
@@ -126,10 +115,6 @@ class LinkSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.icon.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.icon.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.icon.url)
         return None

backend/api/views.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
 from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
 from drf_spectacular.utils import extend_schema, OpenApiParameter
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from backend.utils import normalize_file_url, build_media_url
 
 from .models import Link, LinkGroup
 from .serializers import (
@@ -87,14 +88,11 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
         from customization.models import DesignSettings
         try:
             design_settings = DesignSettings.objects.get(user=user)
-            # Заменяем Docker URL на localhost для клиента
+            # Заменяем Docker URL на внешний для клиента
             background_image_url = None
             if design_settings.background_image:
                 background_image_url = request.build_absolute_uri(design_settings.background_image.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                background_image_url = background_image_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                background_image_url = background_image_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                background_image_url = background_image_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                background_image_url = normalize_file_url(background_image_url)
             
             design_data = {
                 'theme_color': design_settings.theme_color,
@@ -135,18 +133,12 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
         avatar_url = None
         if user.avatar:
             avatar_url = request.build_absolute_uri(user.avatar.url)
-            # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-            avatar_url = avatar_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            avatar_url = avatar_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            avatar_url = avatar_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+            avatar_url = normalize_file_url(avatar_url)
         
         cover_url = None
         if user.cover:
             cover_url = request.build_absolute_uri(user.cover.url)
-            # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-            cover_url = cover_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            cover_url = cover_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            cover_url = cover_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+            cover_url = normalize_file_url(cover_url)
 
         result = {
             "username": user.username,
@@ -163,19 +155,13 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
             grp_icon_url = None
             if grp.icon:
                 grp_icon_url = request.build_absolute_uri(grp.icon.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                grp_icon_url = grp_icon_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_icon_url = grp_icon_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_icon_url = grp_icon_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                grp_icon_url = normalize_file_url(grp_icon_url)
 
             # background_image у группы
             grp_bg_url = None
             if grp.background_image:
                 grp_bg_url = request.build_absolute_uri(grp.background_image.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                grp_bg_url = grp_bg_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_bg_url = grp_bg_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_bg_url = grp_bg_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                grp_bg_url = normalize_file_url(grp_bg_url)
 
             grp_data = {
                 "id": grp.id,
@@ -193,10 +179,7 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
                 ln_icon_url = None
                 if ln.icon:
                     ln_icon_url = request.build_absolute_uri(ln.icon.url)
-                    # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                    ln_icon_url = ln_icon_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                    ln_icon_url = ln_icon_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                    ln_icon_url = ln_icon_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                    ln_icon_url = normalize_file_url(ln_icon_url)
 
                 grp_data["links"].append({
                     "id":    ln.id,

backend/backend/settings.py

@@ -184,6 +184,13 @@ MEDIA_URL = os.getenv('DJANGO_MEDIA_URL', '/storage/')
 MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'storage'
 
 # Настройки безопасности из переменных окружения
+# URL настройки из переменных окружения
+BACKEND_URL = os.getenv('DJANGO_BACKEND_URL', 'http://localhost:8000')
+BACKEND_PROTOCOL = os.getenv('DJANGO_BACKEND_PROTOCOL', 'http')
+BACKEND_DOMAIN = os.getenv('DJANGO_BACKEND_DOMAIN', 'localhost:8000')
+MEDIA_BASE_URL = os.getenv('DJANGO_MEDIA_BASE_URL', 'http://localhost:8000')
+
+# Безопасность
 SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = os.getenv('DJANGO_SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT', 'False') == 'True'
 SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = int(os.getenv('DJANGO_SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS', '0'))
 SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = os.getenv('DJANGO_SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS', 'False') == 'True'

backend/backend/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""
+Утилиты для работы с URL в Django backend
+"""
+import os
+from django.conf import settings
+
+
+def get_backend_url():
+    """Получить базовый URL backend из настроек"""
+    return getattr(settings, 'BACKEND_URL', 'http://localhost:8000')
+
+
+def get_media_base_url():
+    """Получить базовый URL для медиа файлов"""
+    return getattr(settings, 'MEDIA_BASE_URL', 'http://localhost:8000')
+
+
+def build_absolute_url(path):
+    """Построить абсолютный URL для пути"""
+    base_url = get_backend_url()
+    if not path.startswith('/'):
+        path = '/' + path
+    return f"{base_url.rstrip('/')}{path}"
+
+
+def build_media_url(media_path):
+    """Построить абсолютный URL для медиа файла"""
+    if not media_path:
+        return None
+        
+    base_url = get_media_base_url()
+    if not media_path.startswith('/'):
+        media_path = '/' + media_path
+    return f"{base_url.rstrip('/')}{media_path}"
+
+
+def normalize_file_url(file_url):
+    """
+    Нормализация URL файлов - заменяет внутренние Docker URL на внешние
+    """
+    if not file_url:
+        return file_url
+    
+    base_url = get_backend_url()
+    
+    # Список внутренних URL для замены
+    internal_urls = [
+        'http://web:8000',
+        'http://links-web-1:8000', 
+        'http://backend:8000',
+        'http://localhost:8000'
+    ]
+    
+    # Заменяем все внутренние URL на внешний
+    for internal_url in internal_urls:
+        if internal_url in file_url:
+            file_url = file_url.replace(internal_url, base_url.rstrip('/'))
+    
+    return file_url

backend/users/views.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from backend.utils import normalize_file_url
 
 User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -22,18 +23,16 @@ class UserProfileSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         if obj.avatar:
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
-                # Заменяем внутренний Docker URL на localhost для клиента
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.avatar.url)
-                return absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
         return None
     
     def get_cover_url(self, obj):
         if obj.cover:
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
-                # Заменяем внутренний Docker URL на localhost для клиента
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.cover.url)
-                return absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
         return None
 
 @api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'PATCH'])