Fix hardcoded localhost:8000 URLs

- Add backend/utils.py for URL management
- Update serializers to use normalize_file_url()
- Update views to use URL utils from env vars
- Fix frontend components to use NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL
- Add new env vars: DJANGO_BACKEND_URL, DJANGO_MEDIA_BASE_URL
- Replace all hardcoded localhost:8000 with configurable URLs

backend/api/serializers.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from rest_framework import serializers
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from .models import Link, LinkGroup
 from django.conf import settings
+from backend.utils import build_media_url, normalize_file_url
 from .models import Link, LinkGroup
 User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -39,12 +40,8 @@ class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.avatar.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.avatar.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.avatar.url)
         return None
 
 
@@ -71,12 +68,8 @@ class LinkGroupSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.icon.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.icon.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.icon.url)
         return None
 
     def get_background_image_url(self, obj):
@@ -85,12 +78,8 @@ class LinkGroupSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.background_image.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.background_image.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.background_image.url)
         return None
 
     def validate_header_color(self, value):
@@ -126,10 +115,6 @@ class LinkSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.icon.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                absolute_uri = absolute_uri.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                return absolute_uri
-            return f'http://localhost:8000{obj.icon.url}'
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
+            return build_media_url(obj.icon.url)
         return None

backend/api/views.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
 from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
 from drf_spectacular.utils import extend_schema, OpenApiParameter
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from backend.utils import normalize_file_url, build_media_url
 
 from .models import Link, LinkGroup
 from .serializers import (
@@ -87,14 +88,11 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
         from customization.models import DesignSettings
         try:
             design_settings = DesignSettings.objects.get(user=user)
-            # Заменяем Docker URL на localhost для клиента
+            # Заменяем Docker URL на внешний для клиента
             background_image_url = None
             if design_settings.background_image:
                 background_image_url = request.build_absolute_uri(design_settings.background_image.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                background_image_url = background_image_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                background_image_url = background_image_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                background_image_url = background_image_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                background_image_url = normalize_file_url(background_image_url)
             
             design_data = {
                 'theme_color': design_settings.theme_color,
@@ -135,18 +133,12 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
         avatar_url = None
         if user.avatar:
             avatar_url = request.build_absolute_uri(user.avatar.url)
-            # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-            avatar_url = avatar_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            avatar_url = avatar_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            avatar_url = avatar_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+            avatar_url = normalize_file_url(avatar_url)
         
         cover_url = None
         if user.cover:
             cover_url = request.build_absolute_uri(user.cover.url)
-            # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-            cover_url = cover_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            cover_url = cover_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-            cover_url = cover_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+            cover_url = normalize_file_url(cover_url)
 
         result = {
             "username": user.username,
@@ -163,19 +155,13 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
             grp_icon_url = None
             if grp.icon:
                 grp_icon_url = request.build_absolute_uri(grp.icon.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                grp_icon_url = grp_icon_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_icon_url = grp_icon_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_icon_url = grp_icon_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                grp_icon_url = normalize_file_url(grp_icon_url)
 
             # background_image у группы
             grp_bg_url = None
             if grp.background_image:
                 grp_bg_url = request.build_absolute_uri(grp.background_image.url)
-                # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                grp_bg_url = grp_bg_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_bg_url = grp_bg_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                grp_bg_url = grp_bg_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                grp_bg_url = normalize_file_url(grp_bg_url)
 
             grp_data = {
                 "id": grp.id,
@@ -193,10 +179,7 @@ class PublicUserGroupsView(APIView):
                 ln_icon_url = None
                 if ln.icon:
                     ln_icon_url = request.build_absolute_uri(ln.icon.url)
-                    # Заменяем различные варианты внутренних Docker URL
-                    ln_icon_url = ln_icon_url.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                    ln_icon_url = ln_icon_url.replace('http://links-web-1:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
-                    ln_icon_url = ln_icon_url.replace('http://backend:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                    ln_icon_url = normalize_file_url(ln_icon_url)
 
                 grp_data["links"].append({
                     "id":    ln.id,