Fix hardcoded localhost:8000 URLs

- Add backend/utils.py for URL management
- Update serializers to use normalize_file_url()
- Update views to use URL utils from env vars
- Fix frontend components to use NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL
- Add new env vars: DJANGO_BACKEND_URL, DJANGO_MEDIA_BASE_URL
- Replace all hardcoded localhost:8000 with configurable URLs

backend/users/views.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from backend.utils import normalize_file_url
 
 User = get_user_model()
 
@@ -22,18 +23,16 @@ class UserProfileSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
         if obj.avatar:
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
-                # Заменяем внутренний Docker URL на localhost для клиента
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.avatar.url)
-                return absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
         return None
     
     def get_cover_url(self, obj):
         if obj.cover:
             request = self.context.get('request')
             if request:
-                # Заменяем внутренний Docker URL на localhost для клиента
                 absolute_uri = request.build_absolute_uri(obj.cover.url)
-                return absolute_uri.replace('http://web:8000', 'http://localhost:8000')
+                return normalize_file_url(absolute_uri)
         return None
 
 @api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'PATCH'])